﻿Vol.2] 
  ANDEAN 
  HIGHLANDS— 
  BENNETT 
  59 
  

  

  suggest 
  that 
  the 
  Amazon 
  and 
  the 
  Andean 
  tribes 
  were 
  not 
  separated 
  

   by 
  any 
  impassible 
  barriers. 
  

  

  (6) 
  Trends.- 
  — 
  In 
  this 
  Introduction, 
  some 
  cultural 
  elements 
  have 
  

   been 
  traced 
  from 
  the 
  early 
  archeological 
  periods 
  through 
  Colonial 
  

   history 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  present. 
  More 
  detailed 
  and 
  critical 
  studies 
  of 
  this 
  

   type 
  are 
  needed. 
  A 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  deeply 
  rooted 
  cultural 
  factors 
  is 
  

   important 
  in 
  understanding 
  the 
  contemporary 
  Indians. 
  In 
  reverse, 
  

   features 
  of 
  modern 
  Indian 
  cultures 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  traced 
  back 
  through 
  

   the 
  Colonial 
  history 
  to 
  the 
  pre-Columbian 
  past 
  would 
  aid 
  the 
  archeol- 
  

   ogist 
  in 
  many 
  of 
  his 
  difficult 
  interpretations. 
  

  

  (7) 
  Factors 
  of 
  cultural 
  survival. 
  — 
  In 
  some 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Highlands, 
  

   the 
  aboriginal 
  cultures 
  have 
  disappeared; 
  in 
  others 
  they 
  have 
  survived. 
  

   A 
  cultural-historical 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  factors 
  involved 
  in 
  the 
  disintegration, 
  

   disappearance, 
  or 
  survival 
  would 
  be 
  a 
  contribution 
  to 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  

   cultural 
  dynamics. 
  

  

  (8) 
  Acculturation. 
  1 
  — 
  In 
  consideration 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  above 
  points, 
  

   it 
  is 
  clear 
  that 
  specific 
  studies 
  of 
  acculturation 
  are 
  badly 
  needed. 
  The 
  

   modern 
  Indian 
  cultures 
  are 
  obviously 
  not 
  pure 
  projections 
  of 
  the 
  pre- 
  

   Spanish 
  patterns. 
  The 
  European 
  influence 
  has 
  been 
  varied 
  and 
  at 
  

   times 
  intense. 
  Good 
  acculturation 
  studies 
  of 
  this 
  region 
  are 
  prac- 
  

   tically 
  nonexistent 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  literature. 
  

  

  (9) 
  Linguistic 
  studies. 
  — 
  Few 
  studies 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  of 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   viving 
  Indian 
  languages 
  by 
  modern 
  linguists. 
  For 
  example, 
  the 
  

   relationship 
  of 
  Quechua 
  and 
  Ay 
  mar 
  a 
  is 
  still 
  disputed. 
  Small 
  groups 
  

   still 
  speak 
  distinct 
  languages, 
  and 
  these 
  should 
  be 
  recorded 
  before 
  they 
  

   totally 
  disappear. 
  

  

  (10) 
  Physical 
  studies.— 
  Little 
  work 
  in 
  physical 
  anthropology 
  has 
  

   been 
  done 
  in 
  the 
  Highland 
  region. 
  In 
  recent 
  years 
  some 
  attention 
  

   has 
  been 
  paid 
  to 
  the 
  skeletal 
  remains 
  from 
  archeological 
  sites, 
  but 
  

   practically 
  no 
  studies 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  of 
  the 
  living 
  Indians 
  or 
  the 
  

   mixed 
  populations. 
  

  

  (11) 
  Andean 
  origins. 
  — 
  Finally, 
  the 
  problem 
  of 
  the 
  ultimate 
  origin 
  

   of 
  the 
  Andean 
  cultures 
  still 
  awaits 
  a 
  solution. 
  

  

  SOUKCES 
  

  

  This 
  section 
  is 
  a 
  general 
  introduction, 
  intended 
  to 
  serve 
  as 
  a 
  back- 
  

   ground 
  for 
  the 
  component 
  papers 
  of 
  this 
  volume. 
  Consequently, 
  

   the 
  principal 
  sources 
  are 
  the 
  special 
  papers 
  themselves. 
  Not 
  only 
  

   does 
  each 
  author 
  cite 
  the 
  essential 
  bibliography 
  for 
  his 
  article, 
  but 
  

   also 
  the 
  articles 
  themselves 
  are 
  original 
  contributions. 
  Published 
  

   monographs 
  on 
  the 
  contemporary 
  Indians 
  of 
  the 
  Highlands 
  are 
  few 
  

   indeed, 
  but 
  the 
  articles 
  contained 
  herein 
  are 
  frequently 
  based 
  on 
  as 
  

   yet 
  unpublished 
  field 
  investigations. 
  For 
  this 
  Introduction, 
  no 
  at- 
  

   tempt 
  is 
  made 
  to 
  furnish 
  a 
  complete 
  bibliography. 
  Instead, 
  a 
  few 
  

   general 
  references 
  are 
  cited, 
  and 
  the 
  reader 
  is 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  special 
  

   articles 
  for 
  detailed 
  sources. 
  

  

  