﻿Part 
  2. 
  The 
  Central 
  Andes 
  

   THE 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THE 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  

  

  By 
  Wendell 
  C. 
  Bennett 
  

  

  PREFACE 
  

  

  This 
  survey 
  of 
  the 
  archeological 
  past 
  of 
  the 
  Andean 
  region 
  is 
  lim- 
  

   ited 
  to 
  the 
  Highlands 
  of 
  the 
  contemporary 
  countries 
  of 
  Perti 
  and 
  

   Bolivia, 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  Pacific 
  Coast 
  of 
  Perti 
  (map 
  1, 
  No. 
  1). 
  The 
  tropi- 
  

   cal 
  lowland 
  section 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Andes 
  in 
  both 
  countries 
  is 
  not 
  

   included 
  because 
  it 
  lies 
  outside 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  dominated 
  by 
  the 
  Andean 
  

   cultures. 
  Although 
  Highland 
  Ecuador, 
  Northwest 
  Argentina, 
  and 
  

   North 
  Chile 
  did 
  form 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  Empire 
  in 
  its 
  late 
  phase, 
  they 
  

   are 
  not 
  included 
  in 
  this 
  survey, 
  but 
  are 
  reserved 
  for 
  separate 
  treat- 
  

   ment. 
  The 
  archeological 
  periods 
  of 
  Perti 
  and 
  Bolivia 
  are 
  so 
  inter- 
  

   twined, 
  however, 
  that 
  they 
  can 
  well 
  be 
  treated 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  section. 
  

  

  The 
  region 
  of 
  Perti 
  and 
  Bolivia 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  archeo- 
  

   logical 
  fields 
  of 
  South 
  America 
  (map 
  2). 
  This 
  is 
  true 
  in 
  reference 
  to 
  

   the 
  extent 
  and 
  variety 
  of 
  materials 
  and 
  their 
  implications 
  of 
  compara- 
  

   tively 
  advanced 
  civilizations. 
  Surface 
  ruins 
  are 
  numerous 
  in 
  the 
  

   region, 
  including 
  such 
  features 
  as 
  cities, 
  pyramids, 
  buildings 
  of 
  various 
  

   kinds, 
  irrigation 
  canals, 
  roads, 
  and 
  extensive 
  cemeteries. 
  These 
  

   remains 
  represent 
  several 
  time 
  periods, 
  and 
  suggest 
  that 
  the 
  Peru- 
  

   Bolivia 
  region 
  was 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  high 
  civilization 
  in 
  South 
  America 
  

   for 
  many 
  centuries 
  before 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Conquest. 
  Both 
  private 
  indi- 
  

   viduals 
  and 
  public 
  museums 
  have 
  long 
  been 
  collecting 
  Peruvian 
  

   archeological 
  material. 
  Enormous 
  quantities 
  of 
  sculpture, 
  pottery, 
  

   textiles, 
  metals, 
  and 
  other 
  artifacts 
  are 
  available 
  for 
  technical 
  studies. 
  

   These 
  collections 
  are 
  utilized 
  by 
  art 
  students 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  archeologists 
  

   and 
  technicians. 
  

  

  The 
  interest 
  in 
  the 
  archeology 
  of 
  the 
  Peru-Bolivia 
  region 
  is 
  

   enhanced 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  Quechua 
  and 
  Aymara 
  Indians 
  still 
  form 
  

   a 
  large 
  percentage 
  of 
  the 
  population 
  of 
  the 
  Highland 
  regions 
  of 
  both 
  

   countries. 
  These 
  Indians 
  still 
  speak 
  their 
  native 
  languages, 
  live 
  in 
  

   their 
  old 
  territory, 
  and 
  preserve 
  many 
  of 
  their 
  past 
  customs. 
  Obviously, 
  

   after 
  400 
  years 
  of 
  European 
  contact, 
  their 
  culture 
  is 
  a 
  mixture, 
  but 
  

   a 
  mixture 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  Indian 
  elements 
  are 
  predominant. 
  Conse- 
  

  

  61 
  

  

  