﻿72 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  those 
  used 
  in 
  this 
  report, 
  although 
  a 
  few 
  alternative 
  names 
  are 
  

   indicated 
  by 
  parentheses. 
  The 
  relative 
  time 
  of 
  a 
  style 
  or 
  period 
  is 
  

   suggested 
  by 
  its 
  horizontal 
  position 
  as 
  indicated 
  by 
  the 
  general 
  divi- 
  

   sions 
  in 
  the 
  column 
  at 
  the 
  extreme 
  left. 
  The 
  suggestion 
  of 
  dates 
  by 
  

   centuries 
  is 
  a 
  gross 
  approximation, 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  conservative 
  side 
  accord- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  most 
  authorities. 
  Some 
  would 
  extend 
  the 
  whole 
  chart 
  back 
  

   several 
  centuries 
  before 
  the 
  Christian 
  Era. 
  

  

  The 
  Nazca 
  and 
  lea 
  Valleys 
  are 
  selected 
  for 
  the 
  South 
  Coast 
  because 
  

   between 
  them 
  a 
  good 
  sequence 
  can 
  be 
  established. 
  The 
  nearby 
  site 
  

   of 
  Paracas 
  is 
  included 
  because 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  special 
  importance. 
  The 
  inter- 
  

   mediate 
  South 
  Coast 
  valleys 
  of 
  Chincha 
  and 
  Cafiete 
  do 
  not 
  have 
  

   complete 
  sequences 
  and 
  so 
  are 
  not 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  chart. 
  By 
  combin- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  four 
  valleys 
  of 
  Lurin, 
  Kimac, 
  Ancon, 
  and 
  Chancay, 
  a 
  fairly 
  

   good 
  sequence 
  for 
  the 
  Central 
  Coast 
  can 
  be 
  established. 
  Although 
  

   every 
  period 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  valleys, 
  it 
  is 
  highly 
  

   probable 
  that 
  future 
  excavation 
  will 
  remedy 
  this. 
  On 
  the 
  North 
  

   Coast, 
  a 
  fairly 
  complete 
  sequence 
  has 
  been 
  outlined 
  for 
  the 
  valleys 
  of 
  

   Viru, 
  Moche, 
  and 
  Chicama. 
  To 
  the 
  south, 
  the 
  valleys 
  of 
  Casma, 
  

   Nepeiia, 
  and 
  Santa 
  are 
  not 
  included, 
  although 
  they 
  present 
  very 
  

   interesting 
  material. 
  Of 
  the 
  valleys 
  north 
  of 
  Chicama, 
  only 
  Lamba- 
  

   yeque 
  has 
  been 
  investigated 
  with 
  any 
  intensity, 
  and 
  even 
  there 
  the 
  

   sequence 
  is 
  far 
  from 
  final. 
  The 
  North 
  Highlands 
  are 
  here 
  represented 
  

   basically 
  by 
  Chavin 
  and 
  the 
  Callejon 
  de 
  Huaylas, 
  but 
  reference 
  to 
  

   Huamachuco 
  is 
  also 
  included. 
  The 
  Central 
  Highlands 
  cover 
  only 
  

   the 
  Cuzco 
  region. 
  The 
  South 
  Highlands 
  are 
  combined 
  with 
  Bolivia 
  

   for 
  a 
  sequence 
  represented 
  by 
  Puno 
  in 
  Peru 
  and 
  Tiahuanaco 
  in 
  Bolivia. 
  

   Other 
  Highland 
  regions 
  have 
  been 
  too 
  little 
  studied 
  for 
  inclusion 
  in 
  

   this 
  chart. 
  

  

  Andean 
  archeologists 
  have 
  long 
  used 
  the 
  terms 
  Early, 
  Middle, 
  and 
  

   Late 
  Periods 
  to 
  refer 
  to 
  the 
  gross 
  time 
  divisions 
  preceding 
  the 
  Inca. 
  

   Today, 
  it 
  is 
  well 
  established 
  that 
  a 
  Chavin 
  horizon 
  precedes 
  what 
  was 
  

   formerly 
  called 
  the 
  Early 
  Periods. 
  Consequently, 
  the 
  terminology 
  

   for 
  the 
  major 
  time 
  divisions 
  will 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  revised, 
  since 
  terms 
  like 
  

   pre-Early 
  are 
  confusing. 
  For 
  the 
  time 
  being, 
  the 
  chronological 
  divi- 
  

   sions 
  can 
  be 
  designated 
  as 
  the 
  Chavin 
  Periods, 
  the 
  Early 
  Periods, 
  the 
  

   Middle 
  Periods, 
  the 
  Late 
  Periods, 
  and 
  the 
  Inca 
  Periods. 
  Likewise, 
  

   it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  speak 
  of 
  three 
  pan-Peruvian 
  horizons, 
  namely, 
  Chavin, 
  

   Tiahuanaco, 
  and 
  Inca. 
  Each 
  of 
  these 
  three 
  widespread 
  styles 
  is 
  sep- 
  

   arated 
  by 
  a 
  respectable 
  time 
  interval 
  in 
  which 
  local 
  styles 
  are 
  devel- 
  

   oped 
  in 
  the 
  different 
  geographic 
  areas. 
  

  

  The 
  Chavin 
  horizon 
  is 
  the 
  earliest 
  yet 
  isolated 
  in 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  re- 
  

   gion. 
  Chavin 
  style 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  early 
  sites 
  unmixed 
  with 
  other 
  

   known 
  styles 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  Highlands 
  of 
  Peru, 
  on 
  the 
  Central 
  Coast, 
  

   on 
  the 
  North 
  Coast, 
  and 
  as 
  a 
  minor 
  design 
  influence 
  in 
  the 
  Cavernas 
  

   Period 
  of 
  Paracas 
  on 
  the 
  South 
  Coast. 
  The 
  North 
  Highlands 
  site 
  of 
  

  

  