﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  73 
  

  

  Chavin 
  de 
  Huantar 
  seems 
  the 
  most 
  logical 
  center 
  of 
  distribution 
  al- 
  

   though 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  final 
  evidence 
  for 
  this. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  interval 
  between 
  the 
  pan-Peruvian 
  Chavin 
  horizon 
  and 
  the 
  

   Tiahuanaco 
  horizon, 
  local 
  cultures 
  dominate 
  the 
  major 
  geographic 
  

   areas 
  . 
  The 
  distinctive 
  Nazca 
  style 
  appears 
  on 
  the 
  South 
  Coast 
  and 
  the 
  

   Mochica 
  style 
  develops 
  on 
  the 
  North 
  Coast. 
  On 
  the 
  Central 
  Coast, 
  

   the 
  Early 
  Period 
  interval 
  is 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  White-on-red 
  and 
  the 
  

   Interlocking 
  styles, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  Highlands, 
  Chavin 
  is 
  followed 
  by 
  

   the 
  Eecuay 
  style. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  pan-Peruvian 
  horizon 
  is 
  Tiahuanaco. 
  Its 
  center 
  of 
  

   origin 
  and 
  distribution 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  altiplano 
  of 
  Bolivia 
  around 
  

   Lake 
  Titicaca. 
  In 
  this 
  region, 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco 
  style 
  dominates 
  the 
  

   archeological 
  scene 
  almost 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  Inca 
  time. 
  Tiahuanaco-in- 
  

   fluenced 
  styles 
  have 
  a 
  wide 
  distribution 
  in 
  Bolivia, 
  Peru, 
  Chile, 
  and 
  

   Argentina. 
  In 
  Peru, 
  the 
  style 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  quantity 
  on 
  the 
  Central 
  

   Coast, 
  on 
  the 
  North 
  Coast, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  South 
  Coast, 
  where 
  it 
  mixes 
  with 
  

   the 
  last 
  phases 
  of 
  the 
  Nazca 
  style. 
  In 
  the 
  North 
  Highlands, 
  a 
  Tiahuan- 
  

   aco 
  style 
  follows 
  the 
  Recuay 
  Period. 
  On 
  the 
  Coast, 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco 
  

   Period 
  soon 
  breaks 
  up 
  into 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  local 
  styles. 
  Somewhat 
  later, 
  a 
  

   Coastal 
  reformulation 
  of 
  Tiahuanaco, 
  called 
  the 
  Black- 
  white-red 
  geo- 
  

   metric 
  style, 
  has 
  a 
  limited 
  distribution. 
  The 
  basic 
  Tiahuanaco 
  plus 
  

   the 
  local 
  break-down 
  followed 
  by 
  the 
  Black-white-red 
  geometric 
  forms 
  

   the 
  Coastal 
  Middle 
  Period. 
  In 
  reality, 
  much 
  of 
  this 
  development 
  is 
  

   independent 
  of 
  the 
  Bolivian 
  Highlands. 
  

  

  Following 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco-influenced 
  Middle 
  Periods, 
  new 
  local 
  

   styles 
  were 
  developed, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  lea 
  style 
  on 
  the 
  South 
  Coast, 
  the 
  

   Chancay 
  Black-on-white 
  style 
  on 
  the 
  Central 
  Coast, 
  and 
  the 
  Chimu 
  

   style 
  on 
  the 
  North 
  Coast. 
  These 
  Late 
  Period 
  styles 
  inherit 
  a 
  great 
  

   deal 
  from 
  the 
  Middle 
  Periods, 
  but 
  are 
  still 
  quite 
  independent. 
  The 
  

   Chimu 
  style 
  also 
  shows 
  a 
  revival 
  of 
  many 
  elements 
  from 
  the 
  Early 
  

   Period 
  Mochica 
  style. 
  

  

  The 
  final 
  pan-Peruvian 
  horizon 
  is 
  the 
  Inca. 
  The 
  center 
  of 
  origin 
  

   and 
  distribution 
  is 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  region 
  in 
  the 
  Central 
  Highlands, 
  where 
  

   Inca 
  material 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  great 
  abundance 
  and 
  where 
  the 
  Inca 
  main- 
  

   tained 
  their 
  capital. 
  At 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Conquest, 
  the 
  Inca 
  

   were 
  in 
  political 
  control 
  of 
  all 
  of 
  Peru 
  and 
  Bolivia 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  parts 
  

   of 
  Ecuador, 
  Northwest 
  Argentina, 
  and 
  Chile. 
  The 
  archeological 
  

   remains 
  confirm 
  this 
  wide 
  distribution. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Peru-Bolivia 
  region, 
  no 
  trace 
  has 
  yet 
  been 
  found 
  of 
  early 
  

   nomadic 
  hunters 
  nor 
  of 
  prehorticultural 
  or 
  preceramic 
  material. 
  

   There 
  is 
  likewise 
  no 
  good 
  evidence 
  for 
  the 
  early 
  stages 
  of 
  agricultural 
  

   or 
  ceramic 
  development. 
  However, 
  it 
  still 
  seems 
  probable 
  that 
  early 
  

   nomadic 
  hunters 
  passed 
  through 
  the 
  region 
  at 
  one 
  time, 
  and 
  recent 
  

   botanical 
  evidence 
  points 
  to 
  the 
  Andean 
  region 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  potential 
  

   centers 
  for 
  the 
  original 
  domestication 
  of 
  such 
  plants 
  as 
  manioc, 
  pota- 
  

  

  