﻿74 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  toes, 
  and 
  even 
  corn. 
  There 
  are 
  large 
  shell 
  heaps 
  on 
  the 
  Coast 
  of 
  Peru 
  

   which 
  may 
  ultimately 
  produce 
  evidence 
  of 
  these 
  early 
  stages, 
  but 
  so 
  

   far 
  little 
  excavation 
  had 
  been 
  effected. 
  A 
  number 
  of 
  reasons 
  can 
  be 
  

   suggested 
  why 
  evidence 
  of 
  these 
  early 
  stages 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  discov- 
  

   ered. 
  One, 
  the 
  region 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  one 
  in 
  which 
  relatively 
  little 
  scientific 
  

   work 
  has 
  been 
  done. 
  Two, 
  the 
  remains 
  of 
  such 
  early 
  stages 
  may 
  well 
  

   have 
  been 
  obscured 
  or 
  obliterated 
  by 
  some 
  2,000 
  years 
  of 
  intensive 
  

   agricultural 
  occupation. 
  Three, 
  archeologists 
  have 
  been 
  too 
  occupied 
  

   in 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  advanced 
  cultures 
  to 
  concentrate 
  on 
  the 
  search 
  for 
  

   early 
  ones. 
  Four, 
  early 
  remains 
  are 
  nowhere 
  elaborate 
  and 
  therefore 
  

   are 
  difficult 
  to 
  identify. 
  In 
  fact, 
  they 
  are 
  usually 
  first 
  discovered 
  by 
  

   accident. 
  

  

  Someday 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  possible 
  to 
  cross-date 
  Peruvian 
  and 
  Central 
  

   American 
  materials. 
  That 
  the 
  high 
  civilizations 
  of 
  the 
  Andean 
  region 
  

   and 
  those 
  of 
  Central 
  America 
  had 
  the 
  same 
  basic 
  culture 
  is 
  evident 
  in 
  

   the 
  common 
  food 
  plants, 
  such 
  as 
  maize, 
  beans, 
  and 
  squash; 
  in 
  the 
  ter- 
  

   raced 
  and 
  irrigated 
  agriculture; 
  in 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  such 
  crafts 
  as 
  

   ceramics, 
  metallurgy, 
  and 
  weaving; 
  in 
  the 
  types 
  of 
  stone 
  and 
  adobe 
  

   masonry; 
  in 
  the 
  similarity 
  of 
  construction 
  techniques; 
  in 
  the 
  patterns 
  

   of 
  grouping 
  temples, 
  pyramids, 
  sunken 
  courts, 
  and 
  inclosures; 
  in 
  the 
  

   use 
  of 
  the 
  corbeled 
  arch 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  numerous 
  other 
  generalized 
  points. 
  At 
  

   the 
  same 
  time, 
  detailed 
  similarities 
  in 
  styles, 
  ceramic 
  shapes, 
  tech- 
  

   niques, 
  and 
  the 
  like 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  satisfactorily 
  demonstrated 
  between 
  

   the 
  Andean 
  region 
  and 
  Central 
  America. 
  Until 
  valid 
  relative 
  chro- 
  

   nological 
  sequences 
  have 
  been 
  established 
  for 
  Ecuador 
  and 
  Colombia, 
  

   there 
  is 
  little 
  possibility 
  of 
  cross-dating 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  region 
  with 
  

   Central 
  America. 
  

  

  TEKMINOLOGY 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  considerable 
  variation 
  in 
  terminology 
  for 
  styles 
  and 
  periods 
  

   among 
  the 
  Andean 
  archeologists. 
  The 
  accompanying 
  chart 
  (p. 
  80) 
  

   follows 
  the 
  terminology 
  used 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  Handbook 
  and 
  is 
  

   based, 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part, 
  on 
  published 
  accounts. 
  For 
  convenience, 
  a 
  

   list 
  of 
  standard 
  and 
  alternative 
  terms 
  follows, 
  utilizing 
  the 
  chart 
  as 
  

   a 
  basic 
  outline. 
  

   1. 
  Chavin 
  Periods: 
  

  

  Chavin. 
  A 
  standard 
  term 
  for 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  Chavin 
  de 
  Huantar, 
  the 
  style, 
  and 
  the 
  

   period 
  wherever 
  found. 
  Some 
  authors 
  limit 
  the 
  usage 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  term 
  refers 
  

   only 
  to 
  the 
  Highland 
  style. 
  

  

  Coast 
  Chavin. 
  The 
  Chavin 
  coastal 
  style 
  and 
  sites. 
  

  

  Cupisnique. 
  A 
  variant 
  term 
  for 
  the 
  Coast 
  Chavin. 
  

  

  Chongoyape. 
  Coast 
  Chavin 
  style 
  from 
  a 
  site 
  in 
  Lambayeque 
  Valley, 
  

  

  Nepena. 
  Coast 
  Chavin 
  style 
  from 
  a 
  site 
  in 
  Nepena 
  Valley. 
  

  

  Early 
  Ancon. 
  Coast 
  Chavin 
  style 
  from 
  shell 
  heaps 
  at 
  Ancon. 
  

  

  Puerto 
  de 
  Supe, 
  Primitive 
  Ware. 
  Coast 
  Chavin 
  style 
  from 
  shell 
  heaps 
  at 
  the, 
  

   port 
  of 
  Supe 
  Valley. 
  

  

  