﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  81 
  

  

  period 
  terminology 
  corresponds 
  to 
  that 
  used 
  on 
  the 
  chart. 
  Some 
  

   alternative 
  terms 
  are 
  mentioned, 
  and 
  others 
  are 
  listed 
  in 
  the 
  preced- 
  

   ing 
  glossary 
  of 
  period 
  terminology. 
  

  

  THE 
  CHAVlN 
  PERIODS 
  

  

  For 
  years 
  the 
  pan-Peruvian 
  Tiahuanaco 
  style 
  has 
  served 
  as 
  the 
  

   fulcrum 
  for 
  dividing 
  Early 
  from 
  Late 
  Periods 
  in 
  the 
  Andean 
  region. 
  

   The 
  style 
  called 
  Chavin 
  was 
  well 
  known 
  from 
  examples 
  of 
  stone 
  

   sculpture 
  at 
  the 
  ruins 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  name, 
  but 
  insufficient 
  work 
  had 
  

   been 
  done 
  to 
  allow 
  it 
  to 
  be 
  placed 
  accurately 
  in 
  the 
  chronological 
  

   scheme. 
  When 
  it 
  was 
  so 
  placed, 
  it 
  was 
  usually 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  an- 
  

   other 
  manifestation 
  of 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco 
  style. 
  Consequently, 
  out- 
  

   standing 
  styles 
  like 
  Mochica 
  and 
  Nazca 
  were 
  designated 
  as 
  the 
  

   earliest 
  yet 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  Coast. 
  

  

  Since 
  1936, 
  numerous 
  discoveries 
  of 
  materials 
  either 
  belonging 
  to 
  

   the 
  Chavin 
  Period 
  or 
  strongly 
  influenced 
  by 
  the 
  Chavin 
  style 
  have 
  

   been 
  made. 
  Although 
  much 
  work 
  remains 
  to 
  be 
  done, 
  the 
  present 
  

   status 
  is 
  this: 
  that 
  wherever 
  Chavin 
  is 
  found 
  it 
  occupies 
  a 
  position 
  

   relatively 
  older 
  than 
  other 
  materials 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  region. 
  Whether 
  

   this 
  dominant 
  Chavin 
  style 
  represents 
  a 
  unit 
  time 
  period 
  is 
  still 
  

   unknown. 
  Subdivisions 
  may 
  ultimately 
  be 
  established. 
  It 
  may 
  

   be 
  shown 
  that 
  Chavin 
  persisted 
  in 
  certain 
  regions 
  long 
  after 
  it 
  had 
  

   disappeared 
  in 
  others. 
  In 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  best-known 
  areas, 
  the 
  upper 
  

   time 
  limit 
  is 
  relatively 
  well 
  known. 
  For 
  example, 
  on 
  the 
  North 
  

   Coast 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  vessels 
  which 
  show 
  definite 
  Chavin-influenced 
  

   designs, 
  although 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  Mochica 
  Period. 
  A 
  similar 
  mix- 
  

   ture 
  is 
  found 
  at 
  the 
  Early 
  Period 
  site 
  of 
  Paracas 
  on 
  the 
  South 
  Coast. 
  

   However, 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  clear 
  that 
  the 
  Mochica 
  and 
  Nazca 
  Periods 
  are 
  

   not 
  the 
  direct 
  outgrowth 
  of 
  the 
  Chavin 
  style, 
  nor 
  are 
  they, 
  in 
  their 
  

   true 
  florescence, 
  particularly 
  influenced 
  by 
  it. 
  Since 
  the 
  periods 
  

   which 
  follow 
  the 
  Mochica 
  and 
  the 
  Nazca 
  are 
  reasonably 
  well 
  estab- 
  

   lished, 
  the 
  Chavin 
  style 
  must 
  have 
  disappeared 
  at 
  a 
  comparatively 
  

   early 
  date 
  in 
  these 
  regions. 
  

  

  Chavin 
  materials 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  Highlands 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  

   Coast 
  of 
  Peru. 
  Highland 
  Chavin 
  and 
  Coastal 
  Chavin 
  show 
  a 
  num- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  basic 
  differences 
  which 
  are 
  not 
  explained 
  by 
  the 
  environmental 
  

   contrasts 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  regions 
  or 
  by 
  factors 
  of 
  preservation. 
  The 
  term 
  

   Chavin 
  refers 
  to 
  the 
  type 
  site 
  at 
  Chavin 
  de 
  Huantar, 
  to 
  the 
  style, 
  and 
  

   to 
  the 
  period. 
  The 
  Highland 
  site 
  is 
  still 
  the 
  most 
  elaborate 
  known 
  

   manifestation 
  of 
  Chavin 
  and 
  is 
  described 
  first. 
  However, 
  there 
  is 
  

   no 
  conclusive 
  evidence 
  that 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  Chavin 
  is 
  necessarily 
  the 
  cen- 
  

   ter 
  of 
  origin 
  and 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  style 
  or 
  the 
  period. 
  

  

  THE 
  CHAVfN 
  SITE 
  

  

  The 
  site 
  of 
  Chavin 
  de 
  Huantar 
  is 
  located 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  Highlands 
  

   of 
  Peru, 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Cordillera 
  Blanca 
  on 
  a 
  small 
  tributary 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  