﻿84 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  (5) 
  Some 
  house 
  enclosure 
  walls 
  of 
  well-dressed 
  stone 
  are 
  located 
  on 
  the 
  

   top 
  of 
  the 
  Castillo, 
  and 
  along 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  bank 
  is 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  six 
  

   small 
  cells, 
  lined 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  stone. 
  Neither 
  the 
  open 
  houses 
  

   nor 
  the 
  cells 
  are 
  sufficient 
  in 
  number 
  to 
  suggest 
  a 
  village 
  dwelling 
  

   pattern. 
  (6) 
  Small, 
  subterranean 
  canals 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  of 
  

   the 
  construction, 
  apparently 
  for 
  drainage 
  purposes. 
  Well-cut 
  canal 
  

   stones 
  are 
  also 
  found 
  about 
  the 
  ruins. 
  (7) 
  Stone 
  sculpture 
  is 
  asso- 
  

   ciated 
  with 
  the 
  ruins. 
  

  

  The 
  architectural 
  complex 
  found 
  at 
  Chavin 
  site 
  is 
  unique. 
  Some 
  of 
  

   the 
  details 
  occur 
  elsewhere, 
  but 
  the 
  total 
  combination 
  is 
  found 
  only 
  

   here. 
  Even 
  though 
  sections 
  of 
  the 
  buildings 
  are 
  badly 
  crumbled, 
  

   there 
  seems 
  little 
  doubt 
  that 
  they 
  were 
  once 
  complete. 
  In 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  the 
  buildings 
  are 
  large 
  and 
  employ 
  some 
  good-sized 
  stones, 
  

   most 
  of 
  them 
  could 
  have 
  been 
  erected 
  in 
  a 
  comparatively 
  short 
  time 
  

   with 
  properly 
  organized 
  labor. 
  It 
  is 
  possible 
  that 
  the 
  construction 
  

   materials 
  were 
  assembled 
  at 
  the 
  site 
  by 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  Indians, 
  and 
  

   that 
  the 
  actual 
  building 
  was 
  left 
  to 
  a 
  comparatively 
  small 
  number 
  

   working 
  under 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  specialized 
  masons. 
  A 
  similar 
  system 
  

   is 
  still 
  in 
  vogue 
  in 
  Highland 
  Peru 
  for 
  building 
  churches. 
  

  

  Stone 
  carving 
  is 
  a 
  characteristic 
  of 
  Highland 
  Chavin, 
  including 
  

   carving 
  in 
  the 
  round 
  and 
  the 
  decoration 
  of 
  flat 
  surfaces. 
  Carving 
  in 
  

   the 
  round 
  is 
  virtually 
  limited 
  to 
  human 
  and 
  feline 
  heads 
  with 
  round 
  or 
  

   square 
  tenons 
  for 
  wall 
  insertion 
  (pi. 
  17, 
  bottom). 
  True 
  statues 
  are 
  not 
  

   found. 
  The 
  sculptured 
  heads 
  represent 
  old 
  men 
  with 
  deep 
  cuts 
  in 
  the 
  

   cheeks 
  and 
  many 
  wrinkles. 
  The 
  animal 
  heads 
  represent 
  felines 
  with 
  

   projecting 
  fangs 
  and 
  many 
  curvilinear 
  designs 
  as 
  face 
  and 
  hair 
  decora- 
  

   tions. 
  Flat 
  carved 
  slabs 
  include 
  cornices 
  and 
  both 
  wide 
  and 
  narrow 
  

   stelae. 
  There 
  are 
  two 
  exceptions 
  to 
  these 
  general 
  categories: 
  a 
  large 
  

   animal 
  head 
  without 
  a 
  tenon 
  for 
  wall 
  insertion, 
  and 
  the 
  carved 
  Lanzon 
  

   which 
  is 
  still 
  in 
  position 
  in 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  galleries 
  at 
  Chavin. 
  The 
  

   Lanzon 
  is 
  a 
  carved, 
  prism-shaped 
  stone, 
  which 
  has 
  the 
  rough 
  appear- 
  

   ance 
  of 
  a 
  statue. 
  However, 
  the 
  technique 
  is 
  essentially 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   flat-stone 
  carving. 
  

  

  The 
  flat 
  carving 
  is 
  by 
  incision 
  and 
  champleve 
  rather 
  than 
  high 
  

   relief. 
  The 
  style 
  is 
  based 
  almost 
  exclusively 
  on 
  the 
  feline 
  concept 
  

   in 
  which 
  the 
  feline 
  is 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  head 
  or 
  by 
  a 
  head 
  and 
  profile 
  

   body 
  or 
  by 
  a 
  zoomorphic 
  front 
  view. 
  Appendages 
  may 
  be 
  added 
  to 
  

   this 
  basic 
  feline 
  figure 
  which 
  allow 
  it 
  to 
  be 
  identified 
  as 
  a 
  condor, 
  

   snake, 
  or 
  fish. 
  Even 
  the 
  design 
  detail 
  is 
  dominated 
  by 
  the 
  feline 
  

   element. 
  Small 
  design 
  units 
  frequently 
  consist 
  of 
  the 
  profile, 
  front 
  

   view, 
  and 
  top 
  view 
  of 
  feline 
  heads. 
  There 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  geometric 
  ele- 
  

   ments 
  but 
  even 
  these 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  derived 
  from 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  

   feline 
  figure. 
  No 
  other 
  design 
  style 
  in 
  all 
  of 
  Peru 
  is 
  so 
  dominated 
  by 
  

   a 
  single 
  concept. 
  

  

  