﻿Vol.2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  85 
  

  

  The 
  style 
  is 
  basically 
  curvilinear 
  although 
  frequently 
  including 
  

   some 
  angular 
  lines. 
  Only 
  exceptional 
  pieces 
  can 
  be 
  classified 
  as 
  

   angular 
  in 
  pattern. 
  The 
  design 
  as 
  a 
  whole 
  is 
  highly 
  stylized 
  rather 
  

   than 
  realistic, 
  but, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  conventionalization, 
  considerable 
  

   variety 
  of 
  detail 
  is 
  achieved. 
  In 
  fact, 
  stone 
  carving 
  at 
  Chavin 
  seems 
  

   to 
  reveal 
  the 
  individual 
  artist 
  restricted 
  by 
  convention 
  in 
  the 
  range 
  

   of 
  design 
  but 
  with 
  considerable 
  freedom 
  in 
  the 
  detailed 
  expression 
  

   thereof. 
  This 
  is 
  a 
  contrast 
  to 
  other 
  Peruvian 
  periods, 
  where 
  the 
  

   individual 
  artist 
  is 
  usually 
  submerged 
  in 
  the 
  universality 
  of 
  the 
  

   pattern. 
  Chavin 
  stone 
  carving 
  is 
  essentially 
  limited 
  to 
  the 
  immediate 
  

   vicinity 
  of 
  the 
  ruins, 
  although 
  the 
  design 
  style 
  has 
  a 
  wide 
  distribution. 
  

  

  Ceramic 
  fragments 
  are 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  Chavin 
  buildings 
  but 
  

   cemeteries 
  or 
  burials 
  of 
  this 
  period 
  have 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  found 
  there; 
  

   Judging 
  by 
  the 
  fragments, 
  Chavin 
  ceramics 
  are 
  comparatively 
  simple 
  

   and 
  are 
  predominantly 
  of 
  polished 
  black, 
  brown, 
  or 
  red 
  ware. 
  A 
  few 
  

   pieces 
  employ 
  both 
  black 
  and 
  red 
  colors 
  separated 
  by 
  incised 
  lines. 
  

   The 
  decoration 
  is 
  largely 
  fine 
  and 
  wide-groove 
  incision, 
  low 
  relief, 
  

   rough 
  scratch, 
  punch, 
  stamp, 
  circles 
  and 
  dots, 
  fine 
  cross-hatch, 
  appli- 
  

   que, 
  champleve, 
  and 
  modeling. 
  Some 
  incised 
  circles 
  may 
  be 
  filled 
  

   with 
  red 
  paint 
  (figs. 
  2, 
  3). 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  common 
  shape 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  fragments 
  is 
  an 
  open 
  

   vessel 
  with 
  a 
  flat 
  or 
  a 
  rounded 
  base. 
  The 
  rims 
  vary 
  considerably 
  

   and 
  include 
  some 
  which 
  are 
  very 
  thick 
  and 
  some 
  with 
  inside 
  or 
  out- 
  

   side 
  bulges. 
  The 
  open 
  vessels 
  have 
  convex 
  sides, 
  slightly 
  flaring 
  

   sides, 
  or 
  slightly 
  angular 
  sides. 
  Globular-body 
  bowls 
  with 
  constricted 
  

   straight 
  collars 
  or 
  with 
  flaring 
  rims 
  are 
  also 
  represented. 
  Only 
  a 
  few 
  

   fragments 
  suggest 
  the 
  stirrup-spout 
  vessel 
  which 
  is 
  so 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  

   Coast 
  Chavin 
  Period. 
  The 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  decorated 
  fragments 
  have 
  

   a 
  simple, 
  geometric 
  design 
  in 
  which 
  circles, 
  triangles, 
  squares, 
  straight 
  

   lines, 
  cross-hatch, 
  and 
  curvilinear 
  lines 
  are 
  the 
  commonest 
  elements. 
  

   Only 
  a 
  few 
  display 
  the 
  more 
  elaborate 
  design 
  which 
  characterizes 
  the 
  

   stone 
  carving. 
  

  

  Chavin 
  is 
  represented 
  at 
  the 
  type 
  site 
  by 
  a 
  distinctive 
  architec- 
  

   tural 
  style, 
  a 
  stone-carving 
  style, 
  and 
  a 
  ceramic 
  style. 
  This 
  combi- 
  

   nation 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  reported 
  from 
  any 
  other 
  Peruvian 
  site. 
  Although 
  

   the 
  Chavin 
  style 
  is 
  presumably 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  at 
  other 
  sites 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  

   Highlands, 
  insufficient 
  evidence 
  is 
  at 
  hand 
  to 
  discuss 
  its 
  distribution 
  

   in 
  that 
  region. 
  However, 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  Coast 
  Chavin 
  sites 
  are 
  known 
  

   and 
  will 
  be 
  discussed 
  next, 
  since 
  the 
  true 
  antiquity 
  of 
  the 
  period 
  is 
  

   demonstrated 
  by 
  these. 
  Actually, 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  evidence 
  at 
  Chavin 
  

   de 
  Huantar 
  of 
  the 
  chronological 
  position 
  of 
  Chavin. 
  The 
  style 
  is 
  

   the 
  earliest 
  yet 
  found 
  at 
  that 
  site 
  and 
  is 
  followed 
  by 
  a 
  crude, 
  White- 
  

   on-red 
  style, 
  plus 
  various 
  late 
  styles. 
  These 
  post-Chavin 
  styles, 
  

   however, 
  do 
  not 
  suffice 
  to 
  place 
  it 
  chronologically. 
  

  

  