﻿92 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  able 
  to 
  erect 
  large 
  buildings. 
  A 
  dominant 
  religion, 
  plus 
  perhaps 
  

   a 
  religious 
  organization, 
  is 
  implied 
  by 
  the 
  conventionalization 
  of 
  

   design, 
  altars, 
  religious 
  centers, 
  and 
  the 
  ubiquitous 
  feline 
  concept. 
  

  

  EL 
  SALINAR 
  

  

  At 
  El 
  Salinar 
  (see 
  Larco 
  Hoyle, 
  this 
  volume, 
  pp. 
  155-161), 
  in 
  Chi- 
  

   cama 
  Valley, 
  a 
  grave 
  sequence 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  which 
  places 
  the 
  Coast 
  

   Chavin 
  style 
  as 
  the 
  oldest, 
  followed 
  by 
  the 
  Salinar 
  style, 
  and, 
  finally, 
  

   the 
  Mochica 
  style. 
  Other 
  graves 
  of 
  this 
  Salinar 
  type 
  material 
  have 
  

   since 
  been 
  discovered. 
  It 
  is 
  of 
  interest 
  because 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  fill 
  the 
  

   wide 
  stylistic 
  gap 
  between 
  Coast 
  Chavin 
  and 
  Mochica. 
  The 
  burials 
  

   are 
  extended 
  and 
  frequently 
  covered 
  with 
  slabs 
  arranged 
  as 
  an 
  angu- 
  

   lar 
  roofing. 
  Pottery 
  (pis. 
  66, 
  67) 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  distinct 
  type 
  including 
  bot- 
  

   tles 
  with 
  handles, 
  stirrup-spout 
  vessels, 
  collar 
  jars, 
  and 
  rather 
  crude 
  

   anthropomorphic 
  and 
  zoomorphic 
  modeling. 
  Although 
  the 
  ceramics 
  

   show 
  some 
  relationship 
  to 
  the 
  earlier 
  Chavin, 
  the 
  design 
  is 
  gone. 
  One 
  

   tomb, 
  however, 
  contained 
  a 
  bone 
  spatula 
  with 
  a 
  typical 
  Chavin 
  

   design 
  (pi. 
  68, 
  top). 
  

  

  Also 
  associated 
  with 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  Salinar 
  material 
  are 
  vessels 
  with 
  

   crude 
  white-on-red 
  designs. 
  The 
  white-on-red 
  painting, 
  in 
  associa- 
  

   tion 
  with 
  the 
  modeling, 
  is 
  indicative 
  of 
  the 
  later 
  Mochica, 
  in 
  which 
  

   this 
  is 
  the 
  dominant 
  characteristic. 
  The 
  white-on-red 
  material 
  

   likewise 
  may 
  eventually 
  be 
  shown 
  to 
  be 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  post-Chavin 
  

   graves 
  at 
  the 
  Highland 
  Chavin 
  site 
  and 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  Early 
  Period 
  

   material 
  in 
  the 
  Chancay 
  [Valley. 
  More 
  evidence 
  is 
  needed 
  to 
  make 
  

   this 
  tie-up 
  a 
  certainty, 
  since 
  crude 
  white-on-red 
  pottery 
  is 
  not 
  

   particularly 
  distinctive. 
  The 
  true 
  importance 
  of 
  El 
  Salinar 
  must 
  

   await 
  publication 
  of 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  recent 
  excavations. 
  

  

  THE 
  EARLY 
  PERIODS: 
  SOUTH 
  COAST 
  

   NAZCA 
  

  

  Nazca 
  (Early 
  Nazca, 
  or 
  Proto-Nazca) 
  is 
  an 
  Early 
  Period 
  limited 
  

   to 
  the 
  two 
  South 
  Coast 
  valleys 
  of 
  lea 
  and 
  Nazca. 
  The 
  South 
  Coast 
  

   valleys 
  are 
  not 
  as 
  well 
  watered 
  as 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  North 
  Coast. 
  Many 
  

   of 
  the 
  rivers 
  are 
  semipermanent 
  and 
  others 
  dry 
  up 
  before 
  reaching 
  the 
  

   ocean. 
  Nonetheless, 
  the 
  valleys 
  are 
  of 
  large 
  size. 
  In 
  pre-Spanish 
  

   times, 
  probably 
  less 
  water 
  was 
  drawn 
  off 
  for 
  upstream 
  plantations, 
  

   so 
  that 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  valleys 
  received 
  a 
  greater 
  quantity. 
  

   Most 
  of 
  the 
  archeological 
  sites, 
  however, 
  are 
  up-valley. 
  Great 
  shell 
  

   mounds, 
  some 
  up 
  to 
  600 
  feet 
  (180 
  m.) 
  in 
  length, 
  330 
  feet 
  (100 
  m.) 
  

   wide, 
  and 
  130 
  to 
  160 
  feet 
  (40 
  to 
  50 
  m.) 
  high, 
  are 
  located 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  

   valleys 
  near 
  the 
  mouth. 
  Nothing 
  is 
  known 
  about 
  the 
  builders 
  of 
  

   these 
  mounds 
  nor 
  of 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  their 
  occupation 
  of 
  the 
  South 
  Coast. 
  

  

  The 
  chronological 
  position 
  of 
  Nazca 
  as 
  an 
  Early 
  Period 
  between 
  

  

  