﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  99 
  

  

  from 
  this 
  site 
  are 
  mixed, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  excavation 
  information 
  

   (pis. 
  28, 
  d-g; 
  29). 
  Consequently, 
  in 
  an 
  analysis 
  the 
  emphasis 
  is 
  placed 
  

   on 
  the 
  component 
  strains 
  or 
  styles. 
  These 
  include 
  strains 
  which 
  have 
  

   been 
  thought 
  of 
  as 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Nazca-Y 
  style, 
  the 
  Mochica, 
  the 
  Inter- 
  

   locking, 
  and 
  the 
  Coast 
  Tiahuanaco. 
  Some 
  authorities 
  are 
  inclined 
  

   to 
  place 
  all 
  Early 
  Lima 
  in 
  the 
  Coast 
  Tiahuanaco 
  Middle 
  Periods. 
  

   Others 
  feel 
  that 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  design 
  strains 
  represent 
  a 
  slightly 
  earlier 
  

   phase. 
  This 
  is 
  logical, 
  and 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  some 
  Interlocking 
  pieces 
  

   is 
  significant, 
  but, 
  on 
  the 
  whole, 
  the 
  evidence 
  for 
  an 
  Early 
  Lima 
  Period 
  

   in 
  a 
  pre-Coast 
  Tiahuanaco 
  position 
  has 
  as 
  yet 
  to 
  be 
  confirmed. 
  

  

  THE 
  EARLY 
  PERIODS: 
  NORTH 
  COAST 
  

   MOCHICA 
  

  

  The 
  Mochica 
  (Early 
  Chimu, 
  Proto-Chimu) 
  Period 
  (see 
  Larco 
  

   Hoyle, 
  this 
  volume, 
  pp. 
  161-175. 
  )was 
  once 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  earliest 
  

   on 
  the 
  North 
  Coast. 
  Eecent 
  stratigraphic 
  studies 
  have 
  now 
  shown 
  

   that 
  Mochica 
  was 
  preceded 
  by 
  the 
  Chavin 
  horizon, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  some 
  

   evidence 
  that 
  the 
  little-known 
  El 
  Salinar 
  style 
  is 
  also 
  earlier. 
  

  

  In 
  general, 
  Mochica 
  is 
  marked 
  by 
  its 
  unity 
  of 
  style. 
  Detailed 
  

   studies 
  show 
  certain 
  outside 
  influences, 
  but 
  these 
  are 
  absorbed 
  and 
  

   molded 
  into 
  the 
  dominant 
  style 
  and 
  in 
  no 
  sense 
  interrupt 
  the 
  basic 
  

   trend. 
  The 
  quantity 
  of 
  Mochica 
  ceramics 
  suggests 
  a 
  relatively 
  long 
  

   time 
  period, 
  but 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  this 
  the 
  various 
  attempts 
  to 
  subdivide 
  the 
  

   mass 
  of 
  material 
  into 
  a 
  Mochica-I 
  and 
  a 
  Mochica-II 
  style 
  have 
  been 
  

   far 
  from 
  satisfactory 
  and 
  have 
  still 
  to 
  be 
  confirmed 
  by 
  direct 
  evidence. 
  

  

  The 
  Mochica 
  as 
  a 
  whole 
  represents 
  a 
  complete 
  and 
  highly 
  developed 
  

   culture. 
  Architectural 
  remains 
  are 
  of 
  good 
  quality, 
  although 
  not 
  of 
  

   great 
  complexity. 
  The 
  ceramics 
  are 
  excellent 
  and, 
  through 
  detail 
  in 
  

   their 
  pictorial 
  design, 
  suggest 
  an 
  advanced 
  social 
  and 
  political 
  or- 
  

   ganization. 
  Weaving 
  and 
  metallurgy 
  were 
  skilled 
  crafts. 
  Extensive 
  

   irrigation 
  projects 
  were 
  undertaken. 
  Although 
  the 
  population 
  must 
  

   have 
  been 
  reasonably 
  large, 
  as 
  judged 
  by 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  material, 
  and 
  

   well 
  organized, 
  as 
  indicated 
  by 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  constructions, 
  it 
  does 
  

   not 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  too 
  pressing. 
  Remains 
  of 
  large 
  villages 
  have 
  

   not 
  been 
  discovered, 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  ruins 
  are 
  situated 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  

   favorable 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  valleys. 
  Furthermore, 
  the 
  large 
  and 
  fertile 
  

   valleys 
  immediately 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  were 
  apparently 
  unoccupied 
  by 
  the 
  

   Mochica 
  peoples, 
  which 
  would 
  imply 
  lack 
  of 
  great 
  population 
  pressure. 
  

  

  Battle 
  scenes 
  are 
  frequent 
  in 
  the 
  ceramics, 
  and 
  considerable 
  atten- 
  

   tion 
  is 
  paid 
  to 
  figures 
  of 
  warriors 
  and 
  arms. 
  Apparently, 
  these 
  depict 
  

   local 
  conflicts, 
  since 
  the 
  archeological 
  evidence 
  does 
  not 
  confirm 
  

   contacts 
  with 
  markedly 
  different 
  cultures. 
  Instead, 
  the 
  flowering 
  of 
  

   the 
  Mochica 
  Period 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  gradually 
  died 
  down 
  until 
  the 
  

   cultures 
  which 
  followed 
  were 
  able 
  to 
  replace 
  it 
  rather 
  than 
  merge. 
  

  

  