﻿Vol.2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  101 
  

  

  proached 
  by 
  a 
  ramp; 
  some 
  are 
  high, 
  others 
  low; 
  some, 
  like 
  the 
  Huaca 
  

   del 
  Sol, 
  have 
  a 
  platform 
  and 
  a 
  superimposed 
  pyramid. 
  Many 
  are 
  

   built 
  on 
  the 
  open 
  plains, 
  although 
  some 
  cap 
  projecting 
  ridges 
  and 
  

   spurs. 
  Building 
  is 
  done 
  with 
  adobe 
  brick, 
  supplemented 
  in 
  some 
  

   cases 
  with 
  rough 
  stones 
  and 
  algarrobo 
  logs. 
  The 
  typical 
  adobes 
  are 
  

   mold-made 
  rectangular 
  blocks. 
  Parallel 
  grooves 
  on 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  

   some 
  suggest 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  cane 
  or 
  reed 
  molds. 
  Rounded 
  top 
  and 
  hemis- 
  

   pherical 
  adobes 
  may 
  possibly 
  be 
  associated 
  with 
  Mochica 
  style, 
  too. 
  

  

  Mochica 
  cemeteries 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  platforms 
  of 
  the 
  pyra- 
  

   mids, 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  pyramids, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  sandy 
  stretches 
  along 
  

   the 
  ocean 
  or 
  at 
  the 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  valleys. 
  Typical 
  graves 
  are 
  rec- 
  

   tangular 
  boxes, 
  lined 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  adobe 
  brick. 
  Some 
  have 
  

   niches 
  built 
  into 
  the 
  side 
  walls. 
  Other 
  graves 
  lack 
  the 
  adobe 
  lining, 
  

   or 
  have 
  rough 
  stones 
  around 
  the 
  edges. 
  In 
  one 
  case, 
  a 
  child 
  burial 
  

   was 
  found 
  in 
  a 
  large 
  vessel. 
  The 
  graves 
  contain 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  skele- 
  

   tons, 
  extended 
  on 
  their 
  backs, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  a 
  large 
  accompaniment 
  of 
  

   ceramics 
  and 
  other 
  artifacts. 
  

  

  One 
  of 
  the 
  outstanding 
  achievements 
  of 
  the 
  Mochica 
  culture 
  is 
  

   represented 
  by 
  the 
  ceramic 
  art 
  (pis. 
  30, 
  31). 
  Fragments 
  of 
  cooking 
  

   vessels 
  and 
  other 
  utilitarian 
  wares 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  house 
  refuse. 
  

   Thousands 
  of 
  ceramic 
  vessels, 
  however, 
  were 
  made 
  for 
  ceremonial 
  

   purposes 
  or 
  for 
  grave 
  offerings. 
  These 
  vessels 
  form 
  the 
  bulk 
  of 
  mu- 
  

   seum 
  collections 
  and 
  characterize 
  the 
  period. 
  Utilitarian 
  ware 
  and 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  simpler 
  forms 
  of 
  grave 
  pottery 
  were 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  coil 
  

   technique. 
  Howeverjmany^ofjthe'finest 
  examples 
  of 
  the 
  grave 
  ceram- 
  

   ics 
  were 
  made 
  in 
  molds, 
  fragments 
  of 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  found. 
  In 
  

   spite 
  of 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  molds, 
  very 
  little 
  duplication 
  is 
  found. 
  

  

  Some 
  plain 
  red, 
  orange, 
  and 
  black 
  ware 
  vessels 
  are 
  known, 
  but 
  

   decoration 
  by 
  painting, 
  relief, 
  and 
  modeling 
  is 
  more 
  typical. 
  White 
  

   and 
  red 
  are 
  the 
  characteristic 
  colors, 
  with 
  black 
  a 
  less 
  frequent 
  addi- 
  

   tion. 
  The 
  painted 
  design 
  is 
  skillfully 
  applied 
  and 
  the 
  vessels 
  are 
  

   usually 
  polished. 
  In 
  fact, 
  great 
  skill 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  all 
  types 
  of 
  

   decoration. 
  

  

  The 
  stirrup-spout 
  is 
  probably 
  the 
  most 
  outstanding 
  characteristic 
  

   of 
  Mochica 
  ceramics, 
  since 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  on 
  roughly 
  50 
  percent 
  of 
  the 
  

   ceremonial 
  vessels. 
  The 
  stirrup-spout 
  consists 
  of 
  two 
  arched 
  tubes 
  

   which 
  meet 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  cylindrical 
  spout. 
  Arched 
  tubes 
  and 
  spout 
  are 
  

   of 
  consistent 
  thickness 
  and 
  well 
  rounded. 
  The 
  most 
  common 
  cate- 
  

   gory 
  of 
  vessel 
  shapes 
  is 
  the 
  container 
  with 
  a 
  stirrup-spout. 
  The 
  basic 
  

   container 
  form 
  is 
  globular 
  with 
  a 
  flat 
  base, 
  but 
  numerous 
  shape 
  varia- 
  

   tions 
  are 
  found, 
  including 
  angular 
  bodies, 
  squat 
  bodies, 
  cylinder 
  

   shapes, 
  cup-cake 
  shapes, 
  and 
  box 
  shapes. 
  In 
  a 
  common 
  subcategory, 
  

   the 
  container 
  has 
  a 
  modeled 
  head 
  or 
  small 
  figure 
  on 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  it 
  which 
  

   serves 
  as 
  the 
  base 
  for 
  one 
  tube 
  of 
  the 
  stirrup-spout. 
  Finally, 
  stirrup- 
  

   spouts 
  are 
  typically 
  found 
  on 
  modeled^containers 
  which 
  represent 
  

  

  