﻿Vol.2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  103 
  

  

  Fishing 
  also 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  an 
  important 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  subsist- 
  

   ence, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  water 
  transportation 
  was 
  but 
  slightly 
  

   developed. 
  Reed 
  balsas 
  and 
  simple 
  rafts 
  are 
  the 
  major 
  watercraft 
  

   and 
  were 
  propelled 
  by 
  paddles 
  or 
  pulled 
  by 
  swimmers. 
  At 
  least 
  16 
  

   different 
  fish 
  are 
  illustrated, 
  including 
  the 
  ray, 
  pejerrey, 
  bonito, 
  

   sardine, 
  flying 
  fish, 
  and 
  corbina, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  other 
  forms 
  of 
  marine 
  

   life, 
  such 
  as 
  clams, 
  shrimps, 
  lobsters, 
  crabs, 
  shellfish, 
  and 
  squids. 
  

   Sea 
  lions 
  were 
  hunted 
  on 
  the 
  rocky 
  promontories. 
  

  

  Hunting 
  was 
  not 
  uncommon, 
  although 
  in 
  general 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  

   been 
  a 
  sport 
  rather 
  than 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  basic 
  subsistence. 
  Larco 
  Hoyle 
  

   (1938-39) 
  has 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  identify 
  16 
  animals, 
  including 
  deer, 
  pumas, 
  

   dogs, 
  sea 
  lions, 
  llamas, 
  monkeys, 
  bears, 
  foxes, 
  and 
  otter, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  35 
  

   birds, 
  such 
  as 
  ducks, 
  owls, 
  buzzards, 
  condors, 
  hawks, 
  pelicans, 
  and 
  

   herons. 
  Nets, 
  spears, 
  spear 
  throwers, 
  clubs, 
  and 
  darts 
  were 
  all 
  used 
  

   in 
  hunting. 
  In 
  summary, 
  agriculture 
  and 
  fishing 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   the 
  basic 
  subsistence, 
  with 
  gathering 
  and 
  hunting 
  secondary. 
  

  

  The 
  dwellings, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  modeled 
  pottery, 
  were 
  small 
  rec- 
  

   tangular 
  houses 
  with 
  pent 
  or 
  gabled 
  roofs 
  — 
  a 
  peculiar 
  style 
  for 
  a 
  region 
  

   noted 
  for 
  absence 
  of 
  direct 
  rainfall. 
  Walls 
  and 
  roofs 
  were 
  painted 
  

   and 
  adorned 
  with 
  frets. 
  The 
  adobe 
  foundations 
  of 
  such 
  small-unit 
  

   houses, 
  arranged 
  on 
  irregular 
  terraces 
  around 
  the 
  slopes 
  of 
  hills, 
  

   have 
  been 
  uncovered 
  in 
  the 
  excavations. 
  

  

  By 
  direct 
  and 
  indirect 
  evidence, 
  it 
  is 
  known 
  that 
  such 
  crafts 
  as 
  

   ceramics, 
  textiles, 
  and 
  metallurgy 
  were 
  all 
  well 
  developed. 
  Ceramics 
  

   and 
  textiles 
  bave 
  already 
  been 
  discussed 
  and 
  mention 
  made 
  of 
  the 
  

   possibility 
  of 
  craft 
  specialists. 
  Although 
  gold 
  objects 
  are 
  not 
  nu- 
  

   merous 
  in 
  the 
  collections, 
  those 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  show 
  a 
  mastery 
  

   of 
  metallurgical 
  techniques. 
  Copper 
  and 
  silver 
  artifacts 
  are 
  also 
  

   associated 
  with 
  Mochica 
  culture. 
  

  

  Interpretation 
  of 
  the 
  social 
  and 
  political 
  organization 
  is 
  difficult 
  

   and 
  more 
  uncertain. 
  There 
  is 
  little 
  evidence 
  of 
  any 
  strong 
  political 
  

   unity 
  for 
  the 
  Mochica 
  region 
  as 
  a 
  whole. 
  Important 
  pyramids 
  

   and 
  cemeteries 
  are 
  about 
  equally 
  distributed 
  throughout 
  the 
  area, 
  

   and 
  the 
  battle 
  scenes 
  appear 
  to 
  represent 
  local 
  conflicts 
  within 
  the 
  

   same 
  culture. 
  The 
  ceramic 
  designs 
  differentiate 
  specialized 
  groups 
  

   of 
  warriors, 
  messengers, 
  prisoners, 
  and 
  craft 
  artists. 
  Distinctions 
  

   in 
  social 
  rank 
  were 
  certainly 
  marked. 
  Important 
  individuals, 
  dressed 
  

   more 
  elaborately 
  than 
  others, 
  are 
  represented 
  as 
  being 
  seated 
  on 
  

   thrones, 
  being 
  carried 
  in 
  litters, 
  and 
  being 
  pulled 
  on 
  rafts 
  through 
  the 
  

   water. 
  The 
  details 
  of 
  dress, 
  particularly 
  in 
  headgear 
  and 
  face 
  paint- 
  

   ing, 
  may 
  also 
  indicate 
  both 
  individual 
  distinctions 
  and 
  clan 
  groupings. 
  

  

  The 
  attention 
  paid 
  to 
  burial 
  and 
  the 
  elaborateness 
  of 
  the 
  grave 
  

   furniture 
  suggest 
  a 
  developed 
  religion. 
  The 
  ceramics 
  also 
  show 
  

   quite 
  a 
  hierarchy 
  of 
  supernatural 
  beings. 
  Anthropomorphic 
  beings 
  

   and 
  human 
  figures 
  with 
  crossed 
  fangs 
  are 
  common. 
  Different 
  types 
  

  

  