﻿104 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  of 
  diseases 
  are 
  faithfully 
  represented 
  in 
  the 
  ceramic 
  art 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   some 
  curing. 
  Medicine 
  men 
  are 
  shown 
  performing 
  cures 
  by 
  massag- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  patient 
  and 
  by 
  suckiag 
  out 
  disease 
  objects. 
  Music 
  and 
  danc- 
  

   ing 
  were 
  well 
  developed 
  and 
  may 
  have 
  had 
  religious 
  connotations. 
  

   Panpipes, 
  drums, 
  flutes, 
  coiled 
  clay 
  trumpets, 
  and 
  shell 
  trumpets 
  are 
  

   represented, 
  either 
  in 
  the 
  modeled 
  pottery 
  or 
  by 
  excavated 
  specimens. 
  

   The 
  dance 
  scenes 
  show 
  groups 
  with 
  elaborate 
  costumes, 
  including 
  

   winged 
  figures. 
  In 
  many 
  cases, 
  the 
  dancers 
  are 
  represented 
  as 
  skele- 
  

   tons. 
  It 
  seems 
  likely 
  that 
  a 
  cult 
  of 
  the 
  dead 
  or 
  ancestor 
  worship 
  of 
  

   some 
  kind 
  was 
  a 
  prominent 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  religion. 
  

  

  GALLINAZO 
  

  

  The 
  Mochica 
  culture 
  reached 
  its 
  climax 
  and 
  declined 
  without 
  ap- 
  

   parent 
  outside 
  interruption. 
  The 
  type 
  site 
  of 
  the 
  Gallinazo 
  Period 
  * 
  

   which 
  follows 
  is 
  in 
  Virti 
  Valley, 
  and 
  the 
  style 
  is 
  also 
  found 
  elsewhere 
  

   in 
  the 
  Mochica 
  area. 
  Gallinazo 
  is 
  quite 
  distinct 
  from 
  Mochica, 
  al- 
  

   though 
  certain 
  influence 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  vessel 
  shapes 
  such 
  as 
  modeled 
  

   figure 
  jars, 
  stirrup-spouts, 
  and 
  dippers. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  Galli- 
  

   nazo 
  ceramics 
  (pi. 
  33) 
  are 
  characterized 
  by 
  negative-painted 
  (fig. 
  6) 
  

   rather 
  than 
  positive 
  designs, 
  and 
  by 
  some 
  new 
  shapes 
  which 
  include 
  

   spout 
  and 
  bridge 
  forms, 
  bird 
  vessels 
  of 
  a 
  simple 
  style, 
  and 
  double 
  jars. 
  

   The 
  period 
  shows 
  little 
  if 
  any 
  Coast 
  Tiahuanaco 
  influence, 
  and 
  its 
  

   closest 
  affiliations 
  are 
  with 
  the 
  Kecuay 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  North 
  High- 
  

   lands. 
  The 
  Gallinazo 
  style 
  is 
  associated 
  with 
  rectangular 
  house 
  

   foundations 
  on 
  the 
  platforms 
  of 
  pyramids. 
  Burial 
  mounds 
  contain 
  

   both 
  extended 
  and 
  flexed 
  skeletons. 
  Spindle 
  whorls, 
  textile 
  fragments, 
  

   figurines, 
  and 
  copper, 
  gilded 
  copper, 
  and 
  silver 
  are 
  all 
  found. 
  

  

  Neither 
  the 
  Gallinazo 
  nor 
  the 
  Coast 
  Tiahuanaco 
  Periods 
  completely 
  

   eliminate 
  the 
  Mochica 
  tradition, 
  which 
  is 
  revived 
  in 
  modified 
  form 
  

   in 
  the 
  later 
  Chimu 
  Period. 
  One 
  hypothesis 
  is 
  that 
  with 
  the 
  intrusion 
  

   of 
  outside 
  cultures, 
  such 
  as 
  Gallinazo 
  and 
  Coast 
  Tiahuanaco, 
  Mochica 
  

   moved 
  northward 
  to 
  the 
  valleys 
  of 
  Lambayeque 
  and 
  Piura, 
  where 
  it 
  

   was 
  able 
  to 
  carry 
  along 
  in 
  modified 
  form. 
  In 
  anticipation 
  of 
  future 
  

   archeological 
  confirmation, 
  the 
  term 
  "Middle 
  Chimu" 
  has 
  been 
  re- 
  

   served 
  for 
  this 
  hypothetical 
  transition 
  period. 
  

  

  THE 
  EARLY 
  PERIODS: 
  NORTH 
  HIGHLANDS 
  

   RECUAY 
  

  

  Kecuay 
  is 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  a 
  style 
  and 
  of 
  a 
  period 
  which 
  is 
  centered 
  

   near 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  name 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  Callej6n 
  de 
  Huaylas 
  in 
  

   the 
  North 
  Highlands 
  of 
  Perti. 
  Kecuay 
  style 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  many 
  

   parts 
  of 
  the 
  Callej6n 
  de 
  Huaylas, 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Cordillera 
  Blanca 
  and 
  

   west 
  of 
  the 
  Cordillera 
  Negra, 
  particularly 
  around 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Aija. 
  

  

  i 
  Recent 
  excavation 
  reports 
  indicate 
  that 
  Gallinazo 
  may 
  be 
  in 
  whole 
  or 
  in 
  part 
  pre-Mochica. 
  

  

  