﻿Vol.2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  111 
  

  

  small, 
  subterranean 
  rooms 
  made 
  of 
  well-dressed 
  stone 
  were 
  found, 
  

   underground 
  construction 
  is 
  not 
  characteristic. 
  

  

  The 
  numerous 
  carved 
  stones 
  at 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco 
  site 
  include: 
  statues 
  

   carved 
  in 
  the 
  round; 
  relief 
  or 
  incised 
  work 
  on 
  slabs, 
  blocks, 
  and 
  gate- 
  

   ways; 
  carved 
  stone 
  heads, 
  some 
  on 
  blocks 
  and 
  some 
  on 
  tenons 
  for 
  

   insertion 
  in 
  walls. 
  The 
  stone 
  carving 
  has 
  been 
  classified 
  into 
  four 
  

   major 
  categories 
  which 
  include 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  styles. 
  A 
  brief 
  description 
  

   of 
  these 
  categories 
  includes 
  suggestions 
  of 
  time-period 
  affiliations 
  

   where 
  possible. 
  

  

  Group 
  1 
  : 
  Realistic 
  stone 
  carving. 
  — 
  This 
  group 
  includes 
  two 
  kneeling 
  

   statues 
  which 
  stand 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  church 
  at 
  Tiahuanaco, 
  two 
  kneeling 
  

   statues 
  recently 
  discovered 
  near 
  Tiahuanaco, 
  and 
  two 
  carved 
  stone 
  

   faces 
  with 
  round 
  tenons 
  for 
  wall 
  insertion. 
  These 
  pieces 
  stand 
  in 
  con- 
  

   trast 
  to 
  the 
  more 
  conventionalized 
  carvings. 
  The 
  faces 
  are 
  sculptured 
  

   with 
  prominent 
  cheek 
  bones, 
  jutting 
  jaws, 
  and 
  flaring 
  lips. 
  The 
  fig- 
  

   ures 
  are 
  represented 
  in 
  kneeling 
  positions. 
  Head 
  bands 
  are 
  decorated 
  

   with 
  curvilinear 
  designs. 
  This 
  group 
  is 
  usually 
  considered 
  to 
  repre- 
  

   sent 
  the 
  earliest 
  stone 
  carving 
  at 
  the 
  site, 
  although 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  confirmed 
  

   by 
  excavation 
  evidence. 
  

  

  Group 
  2: 
  Conventionalized 
  classic 
  figures 
  and 
  heads.— 
  This 
  group 
  

   includes 
  the 
  classic 
  monolithic 
  statues 
  (pi. 
  36, 
  right), 
  the 
  style 
  of 
  relief 
  

   work 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  "Gateway 
  of 
  the 
  Sun," 
  the 
  double 
  statues 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  as 
  relief 
  on 
  pillars, 
  and 
  the 
  seated 
  anthropomorphic 
  figures 
  and 
  

   sculptured 
  human 
  heads 
  projecting 
  from 
  squared 
  stone 
  blocks. 
  The 
  

   carving 
  in 
  this 
  group 
  is 
  stiff 
  and 
  conventionalized. 
  The 
  statues 
  are 
  

   essentially 
  large, 
  squared 
  pillars 
  with 
  little 
  emphasis 
  on 
  sculpture 
  in 
  

   the 
  round. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  statues 
  are 
  decorated 
  with 
  fine-incised 
  designs, 
  

   apparently 
  intended 
  to 
  represent 
  textile 
  patterns. 
  The 
  group 
  includes 
  

   most 
  of 
  the 
  best-known 
  stone 
  sculpture, 
  and 
  the 
  incised 
  designs 
  are 
  

   generally 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  typical 
  of 
  Tiahuanaco 
  as 
  a 
  whole. 
  There 
  

   seems 
  to 
  be 
  little 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  entire 
  group 
  pertains 
  to 
  the 
  Classic 
  

   Tiahuanaco 
  Period. 
  

  

  Group 
  3 
  : 
  Technically 
  decadent, 
  pillarlike 
  statues 
  and 
  heads. 
  —This 
  

   group 
  does 
  not 
  have 
  the 
  unity 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  two 
  but 
  includes 
  such 
  mis- 
  

   cellaneous 
  styles 
  as 
  plain, 
  squared, 
  pillar-type 
  statues, 
  flat 
  stones 
  with 
  

   crude 
  faces 
  chipped 
  on 
  them, 
  rounded 
  boulders 
  with 
  one 
  side 
  fashioned 
  

   into 
  a 
  human 
  face, 
  and 
  lizards, 
  salamanders, 
  and 
  toads 
  carved 
  on 
  large 
  

   rocks. 
  This 
  group 
  probably 
  does 
  not 
  represent 
  a 
  single 
  period, 
  since 
  

   the 
  only 
  unity 
  is 
  technical 
  decadence. 
  Some 
  of 
  these 
  statues 
  and 
  carv- 
  

   ings 
  might 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  Decadent 
  Tiahuanaco 
  Period. 
  

  

  Group 
  4: 
  Geometric 
  carving. 
  —This 
  group 
  includes 
  slabs 
  elaborately 
  

   designed 
  with 
  angular 
  lines 
  and 
  intricate 
  scrolls, 
  and 
  four 
  cornerstone 
  

   heads 
  with 
  a 
  more 
  stylized 
  treatment 
  of 
  the 
  face 
  than 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  

   other 
  groups. 
  Although 
  the 
  geometric 
  group 
  is 
  quite 
  distinct, 
  there 
  is 
  

   no 
  evidence 
  of 
  its 
  period 
  affiliation. 
  

  

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