﻿114 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  huanaco 
  only 
  because 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  at 
  that 
  site. 
  The 
  artifacts 
  seem 
  to 
  

   represent 
  dwelling-site 
  refuse 
  rather 
  than 
  ceremonial 
  remains, 
  since 
  

   they 
  include 
  [small 
  clay 
  buttons; 
  stone 
  polishers; 
  hammerstones; 
  

   pieces 
  of 
  slate, 
  flint, 
  obsidian, 
  and 
  quartz; 
  a 
  T-shaped 
  stone 
  ax; 
  bone 
  

   spatulas, 
  needles, 
  and 
  points; 
  and 
  corroded 
  fragments 
  of 
  copper. 
  

  

  Ninety-five 
  percent 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  fragments 
  are 
  from 
  plain 
  ware 
  

   vessels, 
  such 
  as 
  round-bottom 
  open 
  bowls, 
  globular 
  bowls 
  with 
  flar- 
  

   ing 
  rims, 
  and 
  shallow 
  dishes 
  with 
  horizontal 
  handles. 
  The 
  typical 
  

   shapes 
  (Hg. 
  9) 
  of 
  the 
  incised 
  and 
  painted 
  vessels 
  are: 
  globular 
  decan- 
  

   ters 
  with 
  long 
  constricted 
  necks; 
  flat-bottomed 
  spittoon-shaped 
  

   bowls; 
  and 
  fretted-rim 
  incense 
  bowls, 
  some 
  with 
  a 
  modeled 
  puma 
  head 
  

   on 
  the 
  rim. 
  Painting 
  is 
  either 
  a 
  simple 
  red-on-buff, 
  or 
  a 
  poly- 
  

   chrome-on-buff 
  employing 
  black, 
  white, 
  red, 
  brown, 
  orange, 
  and 
  yellow. 
  

   All 
  of 
  these 
  colors 
  are 
  applied 
  directly 
  to 
  the 
  unslipped 
  clay 
  and 
  

   burnished 
  to 
  a 
  glossy 
  shine. 
  The 
  characteristic 
  Tiahuanaco 
  outline 
  

   is 
  not 
  found, 
  although 
  on 
  some 
  pieces 
  the 
  designs 
  are 
  enclosed 
  in 
  a 
  

   solid 
  black 
  [area. 
  The 
  typical 
  designs 
  are 
  a 
  zig-zag 
  linear 
  with 
  

   alternating 
  colors, 
  and 
  zoomorphic 
  figures 
  of 
  peculiar 
  animals 
  and 
  

   birds 
  which 
  vaguely 
  suggest 
  pumas 
  and 
  condors. 
  Only 
  fragments 
  

   are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  stratigraphic 
  excavations, 
  but 
  complete 
  vessels 
  in 
  the 
  

   collections 
  suggest 
  that 
  a 
  cemetery 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  at 
  Tiahuanaco. 
  

  

  No 
  building 
  units 
  have 
  been 
  correlated 
  with 
  this 
  period, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  

   possible 
  that 
  the 
  Group 
  One 
  type 
  of 
  realistic 
  carving 
  might 
  belong 
  

   here. 
  

  

  Early 
  Tiahuanaco 
  has 
  a 
  very 
  limited 
  distribution. 
  The 
  Island 
  of 
  

   Titicaca 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  place 
  outside 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  Tiahuanaco 
  where 
  it 
  has 
  

   been 
  found 
  in 
  any 
  abundance. 
  Although 
  Early 
  Tiahuanaco 
  precedes 
  

   Classic, 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  necessarily 
  its 
  origin. 
  Likewise, 
  Early 
  Tiahuanaco 
  

   is 
  not 
  directly 
  comparable 
  to 
  any 
  other 
  Peruvian 
  or 
  Bolivian 
  style. 
  

   Futher 
  excavation 
  is 
  needed 
  to 
  resolve 
  this 
  problem. 
  

  

  CLASSIC 
  TIAHUANACO 
  

  

  The 
  Classic 
  Tiahuanaco 
  Period 
  is 
  represented 
  in 
  Bolivia 
  by 
  an 
  

   architectural 
  style, 
  a 
  stone-carving 
  style, 
  and 
  a 
  ceramic 
  style. 
  Since 
  

   preservation 
  is 
  poor 
  in 
  the 
  altiplano, 
  less 
  is 
  known 
  about 
  other 
  crafts, 
  

   such 
  as 
  weaving, 
  woodwork, 
  and 
  bonework, 
  although 
  all 
  were 
  pre- 
  

   sumably 
  developed. 
  

  

  Little 
  is 
  known 
  about 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  Classic 
  Tiahuanaco. 
  Its 
  

   contrast 
  with 
  the 
  preceding 
  Early 
  Tiahuanaco 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  

   pointed 
  out. 
  Some 
  archeologists 
  suggest 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  imported 
  to 
  

   Bolivia 
  from 
  some 
  other 
  region, 
  but 
  no 
  evidence 
  is 
  available 
  which 
  

   would 
  indicate 
  the 
  source 
  or 
  direction 
  of 
  such 
  an 
  immigration. 
  The 
  

   Classic 
  style 
  shares 
  certain 
  characteristics 
  with 
  Pucara, 
  Chavin, 
  

   Recuay, 
  Mochica, 
  and 
  Nazca, 
  but 
  in 
  no 
  case 
  is 
  there 
  evidence 
  that 
  

   any 
  of 
  these 
  actually 
  produced 
  it. 
  Classic 
  Tiahuanaco 
  as 
  a 
  cultural 
  

  

  