﻿122 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  THE 
  MIDDLE 
  PERIODS 
  

  

  The 
  Middle 
  Periods 
  in 
  the 
  Perti-Bolivia 
  region 
  correspond 
  roughly 
  

   to 
  the 
  pan-Peruvian 
  Tiahuanaco 
  horizon. 
  Subdivisions 
  and 
  local 
  

   styles 
  are 
  numerous, 
  as 
  can 
  be 
  judged 
  from 
  the 
  chart 
  (p. 
  80) 
  and 
  from 
  

   the 
  glossary 
  of 
  period 
  terminology 
  (p. 
  74). 
  The 
  principal 
  uniting 
  

   factor 
  is 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco 
  style. 
  It 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  

   mentioned 
  that 
  no 
  known 
  period 
  of 
  Highland 
  Tiahuanaco 
  spread 
  in 
  

   its 
  entirety 
  to 
  the 
  Coast 
  of 
  Perti. 
  Consequently, 
  it 
  is 
  advisable 
  to 
  

   distinguish 
  the 
  Coastal 
  style 
  with 
  the 
  designation 
  Coast 
  Tiahuanaco. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  section, 
  the 
  Middle 
  Periods 
  on 
  the 
  Coast 
  of 
  Peril 
  are 
  de- 
  

   scribed 
  as 
  a 
  whole, 
  although 
  two 
  major 
  subdivisions 
  are 
  recognized, 
  

   and 
  numerous 
  local 
  variants 
  are 
  mentioned. 
  Following 
  the 
  discussion 
  

   of 
  the 
  Coast, 
  the 
  Middle 
  Periods 
  of 
  the 
  North 
  Highlands 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  

   South 
  Highlands 
  and 
  Bolivia 
  are 
  described. 
  

  

  THE 
  MIDDLE 
  PERIODS: 
  COAST 
  OF 
  PERU 
  

   THE 
  SITES 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  literature, 
  Coast 
  Tiahuanaco 
  styles 
  are 
  also 
  called 
  Epigone 
  or 
  

   Epigonal 
  and, 
  in 
  Peru, 
  by 
  the 
  name 
  Andino. 
  Local 
  terms 
  are 
  fre- 
  

   quently 
  used 
  to 
  indicate 
  materials 
  excavated 
  at 
  a 
  particular 
  site 
  in 
  a 
  

   valley. 
  The 
  glossary 
  of 
  period 
  terminology 
  explains 
  the 
  various 
  terms. 
  

   The 
  following 
  list 
  reviews 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  coastal 
  valleys 
  and 
  sites 
  in 
  which 
  

   Middle 
  Period 
  materials 
  have 
  been 
  encountered. 
  It 
  is 
  reasonable 
  to 
  

   assume 
  that 
  similar 
  finds 
  will 
  be 
  made 
  in 
  every 
  valley 
  between 
  Nazca 
  

   and 
  Chicama, 
  but 
  although 
  the 
  local 
  collections 
  confirm 
  this, 
  excava- 
  

   tion 
  information 
  is 
  not 
  always 
  available. 
  The 
  list 
  starts 
  on 
  the 
  Cen- 
  

   tral 
  Coast 
  at 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  Pachacamac, 
  not 
  because 
  it 
  is 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  

   the 
  center 
  of 
  distribution 
  but 
  because 
  it 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  places 
  in 
  

   which 
  scientific 
  excavations 
  revealed 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  Tiahuan- 
  

   aco 
  materials. 
  

  

  (1) 
  Pachacamac. 
  — 
  The 
  ruins 
  of 
  Pachacamac 
  are 
  situated 
  near 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  

   Lurin 
  Valley. 
  Uhle's 
  (1903) 
  excavations 
  at 
  the 
  unit 
  called 
  Pachacamac 
  revealed 
  

   an 
  old 
  temple, 
  made 
  of 
  rough 
  stone, 
  which 
  had 
  later 
  been 
  covered 
  by 
  debris 
  and 
  

   reused 
  as 
  the 
  foundation 
  for 
  a 
  step-pyramid 
  construction 
  which 
  can 
  still 
  be 
  seen. 
  

   Graves 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  temple, 
  intrusive 
  in 
  the 
  fill 
  

   of 
  the 
  covering 
  debris, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  recent 
  pyramid. 
  These 
  three 
  

   grave 
  levels 
  contained 
  materials 
  of 
  three 
  distinct 
  styles, 
  each 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  con- 
  

   firmed 
  by 
  finds 
  in 
  the 
  cemeteries 
  around 
  the 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  ruins. 
  Uhle 
  divided 
  

   the 
  materials 
  from 
  the 
  oldest 
  graves 
  into 
  two 
  periods 
  on 
  stylistic 
  grounds; 
  namely, 
  

   a 
  style 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  Highland 
  Tiahuanaco 
  and 
  a 
  style, 
  apparently 
  derived 
  

   from 
  the 
  first, 
  which 
  he 
  called 
  by 
  the 
  term 
  " 
  Epigone." 
  The 
  graves 
  from 
  the 
  middle 
  

   level 
  contained 
  materials 
  which 
  Uhle 
  designated 
  as 
  post-Epigone. 
  The 
  upper 
  

   graves 
  contained 
  a 
  coastal 
  variant 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  style. 
  The 
  graves 
  of 
  the 
  Tiahu- 
  

   anaco, 
  Epigone, 
  and 
  post-Epigone 
  styles, 
  all 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  Middle 
  Periods 
  under 
  

   discussion 
  here. 
  

  

  