﻿136 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Decadent 
  Tiahuanaco 
  does 
  not 
  suggest 
  the 
  strong 
  social 
  or 
  religious 
  

   organization 
  of 
  the 
  Classic 
  Period. 
  It 
  is 
  found 
  at 
  many 
  sites 
  in 
  the 
  

   altiplano 
  of 
  Bolivia 
  and 
  southern 
  Peru, 
  but 
  the 
  influence 
  probably 
  

   carried 
  no 
  farther 
  afield. 
  The 
  characteristic 
  Decadent 
  Tiahuanaco 
  

   had 
  disappeared 
  before 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  the 
  Inca. 
  

  

  THE 
  LATE 
  PERIODS 
  

  

  Following 
  the 
  pan-Peruvian 
  Tiahuanaco 
  horizon, 
  local 
  styles 
  emerge 
  

   in 
  the 
  major 
  geographical 
  regions 
  of 
  Peru 
  and 
  Bolivia. 
  Although 
  

   most 
  of 
  these 
  are 
  distinctive 
  styles, 
  the 
  break 
  with 
  the 
  Middle 
  Periods 
  

   is 
  not 
  a 
  sharp 
  one. 
  In 
  many 
  areas, 
  the 
  transition 
  from 
  Middle 
  to 
  

   Late 
  is 
  easily 
  traced. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  Late 
  Periods 
  have 
  rather 
  wide 
  

   distribution, 
  but 
  none 
  can 
  be 
  called 
  pan-Peruvian. 
  Chronologically, 
  

   the 
  Late 
  Periods 
  fall 
  between 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco 
  and 
  the 
  Inca 
  horizons. 
  

   The 
  Inca 
  ultimately 
  incorporated 
  the 
  whole 
  region 
  of 
  Peru 
  and 
  Bo- 
  

   livia 
  in 
  their 
  political 
  Empire, 
  but 
  even 
  before 
  that 
  was 
  achieved 
  Inca 
  

   influence 
  can 
  be 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  closing 
  phases 
  of 
  the 
  Late 
  Periods. 
  

  

  Description 
  of 
  the 
  Late 
  Periods 
  again 
  follows 
  the 
  geographic 
  se- 
  

   quence 
  of 
  South, 
  Central, 
  and 
  North 
  Coast, 
  and 
  North 
  and 
  South 
  

   Highlands. 
  The 
  Central 
  Highlands 
  were 
  apparently 
  dominated 
  by 
  

   the 
  developing 
  Inca 
  civilization 
  during 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Late 
  Periods. 
  

  

  THE 
  LATE 
  PERIODS: 
  SOUTH 
  COAST 
  

   ICA 
  

  

  The 
  valleys 
  of 
  the 
  South 
  Coast 
  had 
  reverted 
  to 
  local 
  cultural 
  

   styles 
  even 
  during 
  the 
  Middle 
  Periods. 
  Although 
  such 
  styles 
  as 
  

   the 
  Middle 
  Ica-I 
  (pi. 
  44, 
  c) 
  and 
  Middle 
  Ica-II 
  (pi. 
  45) 
  in 
  the 
  Nazca 
  

   Valleys 
  can 
  be 
  correlated 
  with 
  Middle 
  Periods 
  elsewhere, 
  their 
  local 
  

   character 
  is 
  outstanding. 
  The 
  Late 
  Period 
  on 
  the 
  South 
  Coast, 
  

   called 
  lea 
  or 
  Late 
  Nazca, 
  is 
  in 
  reality 
  a 
  development 
  and 
  continu- 
  

   ation 
  of 
  the 
  trend 
  started 
  in 
  the 
  Middle 
  Periods. 
  The 
  sequence 
  

   established 
  for 
  lea 
  Valley 
  includes 
  Middle 
  Ica-I, 
  Middle 
  Ica-II, 
  Late 
  

   Ica-I 
  (pi. 
  44, 
  d, 
  e), 
  Late 
  Ica-II 
  (pi. 
  44, 
  g), 
  and 
  Inca 
  (pi. 
  44,/). 
  These 
  

   periods 
  are 
  not 
  sharply 
  distinguished, 
  but 
  change 
  gradually 
  from 
  one 
  

   to 
  another. 
  

  

  The 
  lea 
  style 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Canete, 
  Chincha, 
  lea, 
  and 
  Nazca 
  Val- 
  

   leys, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  some 
  suggestions 
  of 
  its 
  extension 
  much 
  farther 
  

   to 
  the 
  south. 
  In 
  fact, 
  some 
  authorities 
  speak 
  of 
  a 
  dominant 
  Chincha 
  

   (or 
  lea) 
  culture 
  which 
  mixed 
  with 
  southern 
  elements 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  Chin- 
  

   cha- 
  Atacameno. 
  This 
  combined 
  culture 
  presumably 
  had 
  a 
  wide 
  

   spread 
  in 
  southern 
  Peru 
  and 
  Northern 
  Chile. 
  Most 
  authorities, 
  

   however, 
  await 
  further 
  evidence 
  before 
  accepting 
  the 
  Chincha- 
  

   Atacameno 
  concept. 
  

  

  