﻿Vol.2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  137 
  

  

  Most 
  surface 
  ruins 
  in 
  the 
  South 
  Coast 
  valleys 
  are 
  assigned 
  to 
  the 
  

   lea 
  or 
  Inca 
  Periods. 
  Although 
  this 
  suggests 
  more 
  people 
  and 
  better 
  

   building 
  organization 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  Early 
  Periods, 
  at 
  no 
  time 
  could 
  

   these 
  valleys 
  have 
  supported 
  truly 
  large 
  populations. 
  Tambo 
  Colo- 
  

   rado 
  in 
  the 
  lea 
  Valley 
  and 
  La 
  Centinela 
  and 
  Tambo 
  de 
  Mora 
  in 
  Chin- 
  

   cha 
  Valley 
  are 
  typical 
  of 
  lea 
  Period 
  ruins. 
  These 
  consist 
  of 
  com- 
  

   binations 
  of 
  pyramids, 
  stairways, 
  terraces, 
  and 
  courts. 
  True 
  towns 
  

   are 
  rare, 
  and 
  the 
  houses 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  outstanding 
  ruins 
  seem 
  

   to 
  have 
  been 
  either 
  the 
  residences 
  of 
  important 
  people 
  or 
  ceremonial 
  

   rooms. 
  Squared, 
  hard-baked 
  adobes 
  are 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  construction, 
  

   and 
  many 
  walls 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  puddled 
  clay 
  or 
  tapia. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  

   buildings 
  have 
  typical 
  Inca 
  wall 
  niches 
  and 
  narrow-topped 
  doorways. 
  

   Some 
  walls 
  are 
  decorated 
  with 
  colored 
  plaster, 
  with 
  frets 
  made 
  by 
  

   arrangements 
  of 
  adobe 
  bricks, 
  and 
  rarely 
  with 
  clay 
  arabesques. 
  

  

  Cemeteries 
  are 
  located 
  near 
  the 
  ruins 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  hot 
  sands. 
  Two 
  

   grave 
  types 
  are 
  reported: 
  a 
  shaft 
  grave 
  with 
  a 
  chamber 
  opening 
  to 
  one 
  

   side 
  and 
  a 
  roomlike 
  chamber 
  grave 
  with 
  a 
  roof 
  of 
  leaves 
  supported 
  

   on 
  poles. 
  The 
  burials 
  were 
  wrapped 
  in 
  leaves, 
  skins, 
  and 
  cloth 
  and 
  

   bound 
  with 
  rope. 
  Ceramics 
  and 
  other 
  artifacts 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  

   graves. 
  Some 
  skulls 
  show 
  artificial 
  occipital 
  flattening. 
  

  

  Ica 
  ceramics 
  can 
  be 
  subdivided 
  on 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  the 
  presence 
  or 
  ab- 
  

   sence 
  of 
  Inca 
  influence. 
  Late 
  Ica-I 
  Period 
  is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  a 
  continua- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  Middle 
  Ica, 
  while 
  Late 
  Ica-II 
  shows 
  the 
  Inca 
  influence. 
  Late 
  

   Ica-I 
  ceramics 
  are 
  characterized 
  by 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  red, 
  white, 
  and 
  black 
  

   colors, 
  and 
  the 
  predominance 
  of 
  textile 
  pattern 
  designs. 
  Some 
  

   design 
  units 
  are 
  frankly 
  geometric, 
  such 
  as 
  series 
  of 
  diamonds 
  or 
  

   squares, 
  and 
  others 
  are 
  highly 
  conventionalized 
  birds 
  or 
  fish, 
  arranged 
  

   in 
  rows. 
  Most 
  designs 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  woven 
  fabrics 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  on 
  the 
  

   ceramics. 
  Open 
  bowls 
  with 
  angular 
  sides, 
  rounded 
  bottoms, 
  and 
  

   beveled 
  rims 
  are 
  typical. 
  Other 
  common 
  shapes 
  are 
  constricted, 
  

   flaring-collar 
  jars, 
  and 
  a 
  long 
  tubular-collar 
  vessel 
  with 
  a 
  flaring 
  rim 
  

   and 
  flat 
  handles. 
  

  

  In 
  Late 
  Ica-II 
  ceramics, 
  Inca 
  influence 
  is 
  noted 
  in 
  the 
  vessel 
  shapes, 
  

   and 
  in 
  such 
  features 
  as 
  horizontal 
  flat 
  loop 
  handles 
  and 
  pointed 
  bases. 
  

   The 
  true 
  Inca 
  aryballoid 
  shape 
  occurs 
  with 
  decoration 
  in 
  the 
  local 
  Ica 
  

   style. 
  A 
  typical 
  vessel 
  has 
  a 
  barrel-shaped 
  container 
  with 
  a 
  short 
  

   flaring 
  collar 
  and 
  two 
  looped 
  handles. 
  Other 
  shapes 
  carry 
  over 
  from 
  

   the 
  Late 
  Ica-I, 
  and 
  in 
  general 
  the 
  colors 
  of 
  the 
  ware 
  and 
  the 
  design 
  

   tendencies 
  are 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  before. 
  Although 
  much 
  of 
  Ica 
  pottery 
  is 
  

   decorative 
  and 
  well 
  executed, 
  it 
  lacks 
  the 
  originality 
  and 
  the 
  freedom 
  

   of 
  expression 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Nazca 
  Period. 
  In 
  fact, 
  the 
  Ica 
  ceramics 
  

   show 
  virtually 
  no 
  Nazca 
  influence. 
  There 
  is, 
  however, 
  some 
  Chimu 
  

   influence 
  from 
  the 
  North 
  Coast. 
  

  

  Weaving 
  was 
  well 
  developed 
  in 
  the 
  Ica 
  Period 
  (pi. 
  46, 
  bottom). 
  

   Tapestry, 
  embroidery, 
  and 
  weft-pattern 
  weaves 
  are 
  all 
  common. 
  

  

  