﻿Vol.2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  ANDES 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  139 
  

  

  onstrates 
  that 
  local 
  groups 
  were 
  able 
  to 
  carry 
  on 
  their 
  own 
  cultural 
  

   traditions 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  political 
  dominance 
  of 
  the 
  Inca. 
  

  

  THE 
  LATE 
  PERIODS: 
  NORTH 
  COAST 
  

   CHIMU 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  North 
  Coast 
  the 
  dominant 
  Late 
  Period 
  is 
  the 
  Chimu, 
  or 
  

   Late 
  Chimu. 
  It 
  follows 
  the 
  Middle 
  Periods 
  without 
  a 
  sharp 
  break 
  

   and 
  ultimately 
  merges 
  with 
  the 
  Inca 
  Period. 
  The 
  traditional 
  Inca 
  

   history 
  tells 
  of 
  the 
  conquest 
  of 
  the 
  Chimu 
  realm, 
  but 
  certainly 
  strong 
  

   Inca 
  stylistic 
  influences 
  occurred 
  before. 
  The 
  chronological 
  posi- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  Chimu 
  is 
  well 
  established 
  by 
  stratigraphic 
  grave 
  series 
  at 
  the 
  

   ruins 
  of 
  Moche. 
  The 
  style 
  has 
  been 
  well 
  isolated 
  in 
  cemeteries 
  m 
  Viru 
  

   Valley, 
  at 
  Chanchan, 
  and 
  in 
  Chicama, 
  Lambayeque, 
  and 
  Piura 
  

   Valleys. 
  

  

  Chimu 
  culture 
  has 
  a 
  dominant, 
  outstanding 
  style, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  many 
  of 
  its 
  elements 
  can 
  be 
  traced 
  to 
  previous 
  periods. 
  

   Many 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  shapes 
  and 
  textile 
  techniques 
  carry 
  over 
  from 
  

   the 
  Middle 
  Periods. 
  The 
  earlier 
  Mochica 
  tradition 
  is 
  revived 
  in 
  

   modified 
  form. 
  North 
  Highland 
  influences 
  are 
  numerous, 
  and 
  later, 
  

   Inca 
  elements 
  are 
  introduced. 
  These 
  varied 
  influences 
  from 
  different 
  

   sources 
  are, 
  however, 
  blended 
  with 
  some 
  original 
  elements 
  into 
  a 
  

   characteristic 
  Chimu 
  style. 
  Subdivisions 
  of 
  the 
  Chimu 
  Period 
  have 
  

   been 
  suggested. 
  All 
  of 
  these 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  confirmed, 
  but 
  a 
  basic 
  dual 
  

   division 
  is 
  apparent, 
  namely, 
  a 
  Chimu 
  subperiod 
  without 
  Inca 
  influence 
  

   (pi. 
  42) 
  and 
  a 
  Chimu 
  subperiod 
  with 
  Inca 
  influence 
  (pi. 
  49, 
  d, 
  e). 
  

   Although 
  this 
  division 
  is 
  based 
  on 
  the 
  presence 
  or 
  absence 
  of 
  known 
  

   Inca 
  elements, 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  confirmed 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  detailed 
  differences 
  

   of 
  common 
  cooking 
  ollas. 
  

  

  The 
  Chimu 
  Period 
  was 
  a 
  time 
  of 
  great 
  population 
  increase 
  and 
  

   expansion. 
  This 
  is 
  marked 
  by 
  the 
  first 
  appearance 
  of 
  true 
  cities; 
  and 
  

   by 
  the 
  numerous 
  and 
  ambitious 
  irrigation 
  projects, 
  which 
  opened 
  up 
  

   much 
  new 
  terrain. 
  Almost 
  every 
  quebrada 
  in 
  a 
  valley 
  was 
  utilized 
  

   in 
  Chimu 
  times. 
  Finally, 
  the 
  Chimu 
  Period 
  has 
  a 
  wide 
  distribution 
  

   from 
  Piura 
  in 
  the 
  north 
  to 
  Casma 
  in 
  the 
  south. 
  Outside 
  of 
  this 
  

   area, 
  Chimu 
  trade 
  pieces 
  or 
  evidence 
  of 
  Chimu 
  influence 
  are 
  noted 
  

   from 
  the 
  Coast 
  of 
  Ecuador 
  to 
  the 
  Nazca 
  Valley 
  on 
  the 
  South 
  Coast 
  

   and 
  even 
  at 
  Machu 
  Picchu, 
  near 
  Cuzco. 
  

  

  The 
  Chimu 
  Period 
  is 
  marked 
  by 
  cities 
  of 
  considerable 
  size, 
  such 
  as 
  

   Chanchan 
  (pis. 
  51; 
  52, 
  bottom) 
  near 
  Trujillo, 
  Pacatnamu 
  or 
  Bar- 
  

   ranca 
  in 
  Pacasmayo 
  Valley, 
  and 
  El 
  Purgatorio 
  in 
  Lambayeque 
  Val- 
  

   ley. 
  Of 
  these, 
  the 
  city 
  of 
  Chanchan 
  is 
  the 
  largest 
  and 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  

   known. 
  The 
  building 
  of 
  Chanchan 
  was 
  probably 
  started 
  in 
  the 
  Mid- 
  

   dle 
  Periods, 
  but 
  it 
  was 
  greatly 
  enlarged 
  during 
  the 
  Chimu 
  and 
  Inca 
  

   Periods. 
  Today, 
  the 
  remains 
  cover 
  about 
  11 
  square 
  miles 
  (18 
  km. 
  2 
  ) 
  

  

  