﻿142 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  struction 
  work 
  of 
  rough 
  stone 
  facing 
  walls, 
  stone-covered 
  shallow 
  

   canals, 
  and 
  stone-lined 
  pits. 
  The 
  associated 
  ceramics 
  are 
  mostly 
  

   plain 
  wares 
  from 
  cooking 
  vessels 
  and 
  simple 
  painted 
  wares. 
  None 
  of 
  

   the 
  material 
  is 
  particularly 
  distinctive, 
  and 
  all 
  may 
  be 
  contempo- 
  

   raneous 
  with 
  the 
  Inca 
  occupation. 
  A 
  variant 
  type 
  of 
  Inca 
  pottery 
  is 
  

   found 
  at 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  San 
  Jer6nimo, 
  near 
  Huaraz, 
  and 
  similar 
  fragments 
  

   occur 
  in 
  the 
  Late 
  levels 
  at 
  Chavin. 
  

  

  At 
  Huamachuco, 
  the 
  Late 
  Period 
  is 
  marked 
  by 
  a 
  decline 
  in 
  stone- 
  

   building 
  technique. 
  The 
  ceramics 
  are 
  largely 
  of 
  plain 
  ware, 
  orna- 
  

   mented 
  with 
  applique*, 
  punched, 
  and 
  incised 
  design. 
  There 
  is 
  some 
  

   painted 
  ware 
  with 
  red 
  and 
  black 
  design 
  on 
  a 
  white-slip 
  base. 
  Slight 
  

   Inca 
  influence 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  pottery. 
  

  

  THE 
  LATE 
  PERIODS: 
  SOUTH 
  HIGHLANDS 
  AND 
  BOLIVIA 
  

  

  The 
  late 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  Bolivian 
  altiplano 
  is 
  little 
  known, 
  although 
  

   apparently 
  the 
  Decadent 
  Tiahuanaco 
  gradually 
  faded 
  into 
  obscurity. 
  

   Around 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  region 
  are 
  sites 
  with 
  towerlike 
  buildings 
  called 
  

   chullpas. 
  (See 
  also 
  pp. 
  505-506.) 
  So 
  far, 
  these 
  cannot 
  be 
  assigned 
  to 
  

   any 
  particular 
  period, 
  although 
  some 
  persist 
  into 
  Inca 
  times. 
  Inca 
  

   materials 
  of 
  good 
  Cuzco 
  style 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  many 
  sites 
  in 
  Bolivia. 
  

   On 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Peru, 
  Inca 
  style 
  usually 
  mixes 
  with 
  the 
  Late 
  Periods, 
  

   but 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  Bolivia. 
  Instead, 
  the 
  Inca 
  is 
  found 
  as 
  a 
  

   pure 
  style 
  unmixed 
  with 
  anything 
  demonstrably 
  local. 
  This 
  con- 
  

   firms, 
  in 
  part, 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  Tiahuanaco 
  tradition 
  had 
  disappeared 
  

   before 
  the 
  Inca 
  conquest. 
  The 
  South 
  Highlands 
  were 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   first 
  regions 
  conquered 
  by 
  the 
  Inca, 
  which 
  may 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  lack 
  

   of 
  distinctive 
  Late 
  Periods. 
  

  

  THE 
  INCA 
  PERIOD 
  

  

  Inca 
  ethnology, 
  as 
  reconstructed 
  from 
  the 
  chroniclers 
  and 
  as 
  in- 
  

   terpreted 
  from 
  the 
  archeological 
  remains, 
  is 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  another 
  

   section 
  of 
  the 
  Handbook. 
  Consequently, 
  the 
  discusssion 
  here 
  is 
  

   limited 
  to 
  the 
  strictly 
  archeological 
  features. 
  

  

  The 
  Inca 
  Period 
  is 
  the 
  third 
  widespread 
  horizon 
  which 
  not 
  only 
  

   covers 
  the 
  total 
  area 
  under 
  consideration 
  but 
  is 
  also 
  found 
  outside 
  

   of 
  the 
  Peru-Bolivia 
  region. 
  Although 
  the 
  Inca 
  Empire 
  achieved 
  

   its 
  maximum 
  extent 
  only 
  a 
  short 
  time 
  before 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Conquest 
  

   of 
  Peru, 
  Inca 
  materials 
  are 
  found 
  everywhere 
  and 
  mark 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  all 
  

   archeological 
  sequences. 
  These 
  materials, 
  particularly 
  ceramics, 
  

   are 
  easily 
  identified 
  because 
  of 
  their 
  distinctive 
  style, 
  which, 
  in 
  spite 
  

   of 
  the 
  wide 
  distribution, 
  is 
  consistent 
  wherever 
  found. 
  Inca 
  influence 
  

   on 
  local 
  styles 
  is 
  easily 
  noted, 
  and 
  in 
  most 
  regions 
  so-called 
  "pure" 
  

   Inca 
  pieces 
  are 
  found, 
  that 
  is, 
  types 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  from 
  the 
  unmixed 
  

   Cuzco 
  area. 
  

  

  