﻿144 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  artifacts 
  and 
  known 
  Inca 
  ruins 
  pertain 
  to 
  this 
  late 
  phase. 
  Conse- 
  

   quently, 
  the 
  description 
  of 
  Inca 
  archeology 
  which 
  follows 
  refers 
  only 
  

   to 
  this 
  Late 
  Inca 
  Period. 
  

  

  Inca 
  pottery 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  quantity 
  in 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  region 
  and 
  at 
  num- 
  

   erous 
  sites 
  throughout 
  Peru 
  and 
  Bolivia. 
  The 
  finds 
  include 
  grave 
  

   ceramics 
  and 
  sherds 
  from 
  dwelling-site 
  refuse. 
  In 
  both 
  cases 
  the 
  wares 
  

   are 
  distinct 
  in 
  shape 
  and 
  design 
  from 
  other 
  archeological 
  periods. 
  

   Plain 
  cooking 
  ollas 
  are 
  common 
  and 
  have 
  characteristic 
  rim 
  forms. 
  

   The 
  shapes 
  of 
  the 
  decorated 
  vessels 
  are 
  limited 
  to 
  a 
  few 
  basic 
  forms, 
  

   with 
  some 
  minor 
  variations. 
  These 
  major 
  shapes 
  are: 
  (1) 
  Aryballoid 
  

   jars. 
  These 
  vessels 
  have 
  pointed 
  bases 
  on 
  bell-shaped 
  bodies 
  with 
  two 
  

   vertical 
  side 
  handles, 
  and 
  an 
  animal-head 
  nubbin 
  near 
  the 
  shoulder. 
  

   The 
  constricted 
  flaring 
  collar 
  has 
  two 
  rim 
  nubbins. 
  Generally, 
  the 
  

   design 
  is 
  painted 
  on 
  one 
  side 
  only. 
  The 
  size 
  varies 
  from 
  tiny 
  jars 
  to 
  

   mammoth 
  vessels 
  for 
  water 
  storage. 
  The 
  aryballoid 
  is 
  a 
  unique 
  

   Inca 
  shape 
  and 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  diagnostics. 
  (2) 
  Straight-sided 
  

   goblets. 
  (3) 
  Pedestal-base 
  beakers 
  with 
  horizontal 
  handles. 
  (4) 
  

   Squat, 
  two-handled 
  dishes 
  and 
  bowls. 
  (5) 
  Pitchers 
  and 
  bottles 
  

   with 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  vertical 
  handles. 
  (6) 
  Shallow 
  plates 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  

   effigy 
  handle 
  or 
  two 
  small 
  nubbins 
  on 
  the 
  rim. 
  (7) 
  Flat-bottom 
  jugs 
  

   with 
  faces 
  modeled 
  or 
  painted 
  on 
  the 
  flaring 
  collars. 
  (8) 
  Open-mouth 
  

   braziers 
  with 
  solid 
  tripod 
  legs. 
  (9) 
  Long-necked 
  bottles. 
  

  

  Ceramics 
  are 
  usually 
  well 
  made, 
  carefully 
  shaped, 
  and 
  highly 
  

   polished. 
  Modeling 
  is 
  limited 
  to 
  nubbins 
  and 
  effigy 
  handles. 
  Poly- 
  

   chrome 
  painting 
  in 
  two 
  to 
  four 
  colors 
  is 
  characteristic. 
  Black, 
  white, 
  

   and 
  red 
  are 
  typical 
  design 
  colors, 
  with 
  white, 
  yellow, 
  orange, 
  and 
  red 
  

   as 
  base 
  colors. 
  Most 
  designs 
  are 
  geometric, 
  although 
  some 
  represent 
  

   birds, 
  animals, 
  flowers, 
  and 
  butterflies. 
  The 
  most 
  common 
  geometric 
  

   designs 
  are 
  ferns, 
  serrations, 
  bands, 
  diamonds, 
  checkers, 
  triangles, 
  

   cross-hatch, 
  circles, 
  dots, 
  and 
  small 
  crosses. 
  In 
  brief, 
  Inca 
  pottery 
  

   is 
  easily 
  distinguished 
  from 
  other 
  styles 
  by 
  its 
  designs, 
  color 
  combi- 
  

   nations, 
  hard 
  firing, 
  and 
  shapes. 
  Even 
  in 
  mixed 
  styles, 
  the 
  Inca 
  

   elements 
  are 
  outstanding. 
  For 
  example, 
  on 
  the 
  North 
  Coast 
  ary- 
  

   ballo 
  id-shape 
  jars 
  may 
  be 
  of 
  typical 
  Chimu 
  black 
  ware, 
  or 
  Chimu 
  

   stirrup-spout 
  vessels 
  may 
  be 
  decorated 
  with 
  Inca 
  geometric 
  designs. 
  

  

  The 
  Inca 
  Period 
  in 
  the 
  Highlands 
  has 
  excellent 
  stone 
  masonry, 
  and 
  

   extensive 
  constructions 
  in 
  villages, 
  towns, 
  and 
  cities. 
  A 
  typical 
  

   example 
  is 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Machu 
  Picchu, 
  which 
  is 
  situated 
  on 
  a 
  high 
  

   ridge 
  overlooking 
  the 
  Urubamba 
  River, 
  not 
  very 
  distant 
  from 
  Cuzco. 
  

   The 
  town 
  is 
  built 
  almost 
  entirely 
  of 
  stone 
  and 
  consists 
  of 
  house 
  

   compounds, 
  segregated 
  from 
  each 
  other 
  and 
  possibly 
  representing 
  

   ayllu 
  divisions; 
  flat 
  areas 
  or 
  plazas; 
  small 
  open-front 
  buildings, 
  identi- 
  

   fied 
  as 
  temples; 
  boulders 
  called 
  shrines; 
  numerous 
  steps 
  and 
  paths, 
  

   paved 
  with 
  stone; 
  and 
  a 
  rather 
  elaborate 
  waterworks 
  system. 
  

  

  