﻿146 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  (5) 
  Dressed-stone 
  blocks. 
  — 
  A 
  common 
  type 
  of 
  Inca 
  masonry, 
  found 
  at 
  

   Machu 
  Picchu 
  and 
  many 
  other 
  sites, 
  employs 
  dressed 
  rectangular 
  blocks. 
  These 
  

   are 
  built 
  into 
  a 
  wall 
  with 
  some 
  attempt 
  at 
  coursing, 
  although 
  the 
  actual 
  finishing 
  

   must 
  have 
  been 
  done 
  during 
  the 
  building, 
  since 
  the 
  blocks 
  are 
  not 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   size, 
  and 
  the 
  rows 
  are 
  somewhat 
  irregular. 
  Curved 
  walls 
  are 
  sometimes 
  made 
  of 
  

   blocks 
  of 
  this 
  type, 
  cut 
  to 
  match 
  the 
  curve. 
  

  

  (6) 
  Pirca. 
  — 
  Walls 
  of 
  rough 
  or 
  split 
  stones, 
  sometimes 
  laid 
  in 
  clay 
  cement, 
  are 
  

   common. 
  In 
  fact, 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  Inca 
  construction 
  is 
  of 
  this 
  rough 
  type, 
  while 
  

   the 
  better, 
  dressed-stone 
  masonry 
  is 
  reserved 
  for 
  special 
  buildings. 
  

  

  (7) 
  Adobe. 
  — 
  Squared 
  adobe 
  bricks 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Highlands, 
  frequently 
  built 
  

   on 
  stone 
  foundations. 
  On 
  the 
  Coast, 
  Inca 
  buildings 
  almost 
  exclusively 
  are 
  of 
  

   adobe, 
  possibly 
  because 
  the 
  Inca 
  builders 
  employed 
  local 
  assistants 
  who 
  were 
  

   accustomed 
  to 
  work 
  with 
  adobe 
  but 
  not 
  with 
  stone. 
  In 
  any 
  event, 
  adobe 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  is 
  very 
  durable 
  on 
  the 
  dry 
  Coast. 
  

  

  Some 
  adobe 
  or 
  stone 
  walls 
  were 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  clay 
  plaster 
  which 
  

   was 
  painted 
  in 
  various 
  colors. 
  Definite 
  wall-painting 
  designs 
  have 
  

   not 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Highland 
  sites, 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  Coast 
  good 
  frescoes 
  

   are 
  preserved. 
  

  

  The 
  various 
  categories 
  of 
  Inca 
  masonry 
  suggest 
  the 
  possibility 
  of 
  

   a 
  chronological 
  sequence, 
  but 
  no 
  satisfactory 
  one 
  has 
  yet 
  been 
  estab- 
  

   lished. 
  The 
  various 
  styles 
  are 
  frequently 
  combined 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  vil- 
  

   lage 
  and 
  sometimes 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  building. 
  

  

  Although 
  skilled 
  in 
  stone 
  masonry, 
  the 
  Inca 
  neglected 
  carving. 
  

   Some 
  building 
  walls 
  are 
  decorated 
  with 
  small 
  relief 
  lizards 
  or 
  pumas, 
  

   but 
  this 
  could 
  hardly 
  be 
  called 
  stone 
  carving. 
  Stone 
  artifacts 
  are, 
  

   however, 
  numerous, 
  such 
  as: 
  hammerstones 
  ; 
  grindstones; 
  carefully 
  

   made 
  stone 
  bowls 
  with 
  relief 
  designs; 
  stone 
  boxes, 
  some 
  with 
  covers; 
  

   stone 
  club 
  heads, 
  both 
  round 
  and 
  star-shaped; 
  axes; 
  celts; 
  and 
  bolas. 
  

   Other 
  stone 
  artifacts 
  were 
  made 
  for 
  religious 
  or 
  other 
  special 
  pur- 
  

   poses. 
  Small 
  stone 
  llamas 
  with 
  a 
  depression 
  in 
  the 
  back 
  were 
  appar- 
  

   ently 
  used 
  for 
  offerings. 
  Stone 
  counters 
  are 
  found 
  with 
  various 
  com- 
  

   partments, 
  which 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  used 
  for 
  mathematical 
  calculations. 
  

   Small 
  turquoise 
  figurines 
  are 
  also 
  associated. 
  

  

  Inca 
  burials 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  caves 
  and 
  in 
  bottle-shaped 
  graves. 
  The 
  

   burials 
  are 
  in 
  a 
  seated 
  flexed 
  position, 
  wrapped 
  with 
  cloth, 
  and 
  accom- 
  

   panied 
  by 
  ceramics 
  and 
  other 
  grave 
  offerings. 
  On 
  the 
  Coast, 
  Inca 
  

   mummy 
  bundles 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  direct 
  graves. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  late 
  Coast 
  

   phases 
  used 
  extended 
  burials. 
  

  

  Metallurgical 
  work 
  was 
  well 
  developed 
  in 
  the 
  Inca 
  Period. 
  Silver, 
  

   gold, 
  copper, 
  and 
  bronze 
  were 
  all 
  employed 
  for 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  utilitar- 
  

   ian 
  and 
  ornamental 
  objects. 
  Copper 
  and 
  bronze 
  were 
  worked 
  into 
  

   pike 
  heads, 
  plumb-bobs, 
  chisels, 
  rings, 
  bracelets, 
  polished 
  mirrors, 
  

   knives, 
  flat-headed 
  pins 
  (tupus), 
  disks, 
  bells, 
  and 
  needles. 
  Gold 
  and 
  

   silver 
  were 
  fabricated 
  into 
  small 
  llamas 
  or 
  human 
  figurines, 
  pincers, 
  

   plates, 
  goblets, 
  and 
  many 
  types 
  of 
  ornaments. 
  Copper 
  objects 
  were 
  

   gilded, 
  cold-hammered, 
  annealed, 
  cast, 
  and 
  occasionally 
  mixed 
  with 
  

  

  