﻿150 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  It 
  should 
  further 
  be 
  noted 
  that, 
  while 
  most 
  Cupisnique 
  cemeteries 
  

   yield 
  grave 
  artifacts 
  which 
  are 
  characterized 
  by 
  the 
  many 
  forms 
  of 
  

   the 
  cat 
  representation, 
  the 
  feline 
  theme 
  is 
  entirely 
  absent 
  in 
  the 
  ceme- 
  

   tery 
  of 
  Santa 
  Ana, 
  which 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  Cupisnique 
  culture 
  but 
  is 
  a 
  

   variant 
  in 
  some 
  respects 
  as 
  the 
  pottery 
  is 
  orange 
  rather 
  than 
  dark 
  in 
  

   color. 
  Thus 
  it 
  would 
  seem 
  that 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  tribal 
  groups 
  of 
  the 
  

   North 
  Coast 
  did 
  not 
  accept 
  the 
  feline 
  idea 
  from 
  Nepena 
  during 
  the 
  

   Cupisnique 
  times. 
  

  

  To 
  conclude, 
  the 
  Cupisnique 
  culture 
  can 
  be 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  

   Coast 
  sequence 
  as 
  antecedent 
  to 
  Salinar, 
  which 
  was 
  in 
  turn 
  followed 
  

   by 
  Mochica 
  (Proto- 
  or 
  Early 
  Chimu). 
  Sculpture, 
  ceramics, 
  and 
  

   the 
  carving 
  of 
  small 
  objects 
  in 
  stone 
  and 
  bone 
  were 
  advanced 
  in 
  

   development. 
  The 
  sculptural 
  art 
  is 
  of 
  particular 
  merit. 
  Metals 
  were 
  

   unknown, 
  and 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  small 
  plates 
  or 
  disks 
  of 
  gold 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  

   the 
  Salinar-Cupisnicoid 
  tombs 
  can 
  probably 
  be 
  attributed 
  to 
  Salinar 
  

   influence.* 
  Settlements 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  were 
  small 
  groups 
  of 
  houses 
  

   which 
  may 
  represent 
  some 
  sort 
  of 
  joint 
  family 
  arrangements. 
  The 
  

   Cupisnique 
  culture 
  contributes 
  strongly 
  in 
  culture 
  elements 
  to 
  the 
  

   formation 
  of 
  the 
  Mochica 
  culture. 
  

  

  CULTURE 
  

  

  SUBSISTENCE 
  ACTIVITIES 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  no 
  evidence 
  concerning 
  actual 
  agricultural 
  practices 
  or 
  

   techniques, 
  but 
  several 
  domesticated 
  food 
  plants 
  were 
  known 
  at 
  this 
  

   early 
  period. 
  Ceramic 
  representations 
  of 
  plants, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  original 
  

   foodstuffs, 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  buried 
  with 
  the 
  dead. 
  These 
  include 
  

   peanuts, 
  yuca, 
  a 
  cultivated 
  species 
  of 
  caigua, 
  and 
  gourds. 
  It 
  is 
  

   surprising 
  that 
  maize, 
  3 
  potatoes, 
  and 
  other 
  products 
  common 
  to 
  the 
  

   region 
  in 
  later 
  archeological 
  periods 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  discovered. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  horticultural 
  produce 
  the 
  Cupisnique 
  people 
  added 
  

   llama 
  and 
  deer 
  meat 
  to 
  their 
  diet. 
  The 
  remains 
  of 
  shellfish 
  and 
  edible 
  

   land 
  snails 
  testify 
  to 
  the 
  importance 
  of 
  these 
  as 
  a 
  food. 
  Fish 
  were, 
  

   undoubtedly, 
  another 
  important 
  food 
  item. 
  

  

  It 
  seems 
  reasonable 
  to 
  believe 
  that 
  they 
  domesticated 
  the 
  llama 
  and 
  

   the 
  dog, 
  as 
  skeletons 
  of 
  both 
  of 
  these 
  animals 
  have 
  been 
  recovered 
  

   from 
  human 
  graves. 
  

  

  ARCHITECTURE 
  

  

  The 
  few 
  known 
  ruins 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Cupisnique 
  and 
  elsewhere 
  in 
  

   the 
  Valley 
  of 
  Chicama 
  show 
  three 
  types 
  of 
  construction: 
  (1) 
  those 
  

   of 
  stone 
  that 
  the 
  author 
  considers 
  most 
  ancient; 
  (2) 
  those 
  of 
  conical 
  

   adobes 
  that 
  pertain 
  to 
  a 
  probable 
  later 
  period; 
  and 
  (3) 
  a 
  subtype 
  of 
  

   combined 
  stone 
  and 
  adobe. 
  

  

  3 
  Gold 
  objects 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  association 
  with 
  Chavin-like 
  cultures, 
  or 
  cultures 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Cupis 
  

   nique, 
  at 
  Puerto 
  de 
  Supe 
  and 
  Chongoyape; 
  although 
  they 
  have 
  not, 
  as 
  the 
  author 
  states, 
  been 
  found 
  with 
  

   Cupisnique 
  proper.— 
  Editor. 
  

  

  » 
  Maize 
  and 
  beans 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  with 
  the 
  related 
  early 
  Ancon-Supe 
  culture 
  to 
  the 
  south.— 
  Editor. 
  

  

  