﻿152 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  CLOTHING 
  AND 
  ORNAMENTS 
  

  

  The 
  Cupisnique 
  people 
  wore 
  a 
  simple 
  loincloth, 
  leaving 
  most 
  of 
  

   the 
  body 
  uncovered. 
  The 
  headdress 
  consisted 
  of 
  a 
  cap 
  with 
  an 
  

   attached 
  covering 
  for 
  the 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  neck. 
  The 
  bone 
  ear 
  orna- 
  

   ments 
  mentioned 
  below, 
  necklaces 
  of 
  stone 
  and 
  bone 
  beads, 
  and 
  

   bone 
  rings 
  were 
  common 
  adornment. 
  Necklaces 
  of 
  beads 
  usually 
  

   had 
  a 
  central 
  piece 
  with 
  magnificent 
  engravings. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  dead 
  

   were 
  found 
  with 
  rings 
  on 
  two, 
  three, 
  and 
  even 
  five 
  fingers. 
  

  

  ARTS 
  AND 
  MANUFACTURES 
  

  

  Ceramics. 
  —Notwithstanding 
  the 
  technical 
  skill 
  displayed 
  in 
  the 
  

   finished 
  product, 
  the 
  pottery 
  does 
  not 
  attain 
  perfection. 
  A 
  coarse- 
  

   grained 
  clay 
  and 
  temper 
  were 
  used 
  in 
  making 
  even 
  those 
  vessels 
  which 
  

   have 
  highest 
  quality. 
  Precise 
  formulas 
  apparently 
  were 
  not 
  followed 
  

   in 
  the 
  mixing 
  of 
  clays 
  and 
  tempers, 
  so 
  that 
  results 
  were 
  not 
  uniform. 
  

   Open-kiln 
  firing, 
  a 
  method 
  which 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  associated 
  only 
  with 
  

   red 
  or 
  orange-colored 
  pottery, 
  was 
  not 
  employed. 
  Their 
  closed 
  kilns 
  

   resulted 
  in 
  an 
  imperfect 
  (or 
  reduced) 
  baking 
  of 
  the 
  clay. 
  Only 
  in 
  

   the 
  last 
  cultural 
  stage 
  of 
  the 
  Cupisnique 
  do 
  red, 
  maroon, 
  dull 
  purplish 
  

   red, 
  and 
  cream-colored 
  ceramics 
  appear. 
  

  

  Impressions 
  of 
  molds 
  on 
  Cupisnique 
  vessels 
  show 
  that 
  pottery 
  

   of 
  this 
  period 
  was 
  mold-made 
  much 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  later 
  Mochica 
  

   Period. 
  

  

  Ceramic 
  representations 
  (pis. 
  61, 
  63, 
  64) 
  include: 
  anthropomorphs, 
  

   zoomorphs, 
  and 
  phytomorphs. 
  Vessel 
  forms 
  most 
  common 
  are 
  

   stirrup-mouthed 
  jars, 
  bottles, 
  globular 
  vessels, 
  and 
  truncated 
  cones. 
  

   Even 
  houses 
  are 
  depicted. 
  

  

  Designs 
  were 
  incised 
  on 
  the 
  unfired, 
  dehydrated 
  vessel 
  surfaces 
  

   much 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  carving 
  of 
  bone 
  or 
  stone. 
  Afterward, 
  color 
  was 
  

   sometimes 
  applied 
  (red, 
  maroon, 
  cream, 
  and 
  black) 
  in 
  the 
  undeco- 
  

   rated 
  zones 
  between 
  the 
  incised 
  lines. 
  Contrasts 
  between 
  smooth 
  

   and 
  rough 
  surfaces 
  were 
  also 
  utilized 
  in 
  pottery 
  decoration. 
  Kough- 
  

   ening 
  was 
  accomplished 
  by 
  punctating, 
  scraping, 
  simple 
  hatching 
  

   or 
  combing, 
  and 
  cross-combing 
  the 
  surface. 
  Small 
  bumps 
  or 
  pro- 
  

   tuberances 
  were 
  occasionally 
  placed 
  on 
  both 
  smooth 
  and 
  rough 
  sur- 
  

   faces 
  of 
  the 
  vessels. 
  

  

  Geometric 
  motifs 
  are 
  simple, 
  and 
  include 
  and 
  combine 
  straight 
  paral- 
  

   lel 
  lines, 
  angles, 
  simple 
  or 
  double 
  chevrons, 
  rectangles, 
  combined 
  and 
  

   divided 
  diagonally, 
  herringbones, 
  triangles, 
  and 
  rhomboids. 
  Star 
  

   figures 
  and 
  leaves 
  are 
  also 
  a 
  common 
  design 
  element. 
  

  

  Much 
  of 
  the 
  Cupisnique 
  decorative 
  style 
  suggests 
  a 
  religious 
  sym- 
  

   bolism 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  art 
  forms 
  of 
  the 
  Nepefia 
  Valley. 
  In 
  fact, 
  to 
  

   eliminate 
  from 
  Cupisnique 
  these 
  Nepena-like 
  elements 
  would 
  se- 
  

   riously 
  deplete 
  the 
  total 
  range 
  of 
  decorative 
  motifs. 
  The 
  Cupisnique 
  

   representations 
  of 
  the 
  Nepefia 
  type 
  are, 
  however, 
  noticeably 
  modified. 
  

  

  