﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  CULTURE 
  OF 
  N. 
  COAST 
  OF 
  PERU 
  — 
  LARCO 
  HOYLE 
  153 
  

  

  In 
  modeled 
  pottery, 
  the 
  Cupisnique 
  sculptor 
  reproduced 
  animals, 
  

   god 
  or 
  demon 
  forms, 
  plants, 
  and 
  dwellings. 
  In 
  his 
  work 
  can 
  be 
  ob- 
  

   served 
  the 
  first 
  evidences 
  of 
  naturalistic 
  representation 
  of 
  North 
  Pe- 
  

   ruvian 
  prehistory. 
  Notable 
  examples 
  are 
  the 
  earliest 
  known 
  facial 
  

   portrait 
  jar 
  of 
  Peru 
  and 
  a 
  scene 
  composed 
  of 
  a 
  mother 
  nursing 
  an 
  

   infant 
  (pi. 
  64, 
  c). 
  Much 
  of 
  the 
  elaborate, 
  sculptured 
  funerary 
  ware 
  

   of 
  the 
  later 
  cultures 
  of 
  Northern 
  Perti 
  undoubtedly 
  were 
  of 
  Cupis- 
  

   nique 
  origin. 
  

  

  Carving 
  in 
  stone 
  and 
  bone. 
  — 
  The 
  Cupisnique 
  craftsman 
  excelled 
  in 
  

   the 
  carving, 
  sculpturing, 
  and 
  polishing 
  of 
  small 
  objects 
  of 
  stone, 
  shell, 
  

   and 
  bone. 
  He 
  developed 
  techniques 
  to 
  control 
  very 
  hard 
  rock, 
  such 
  

   as 
  porphyry, 
  granite, 
  turquoise, 
  lapis 
  lazuli, 
  and 
  quartz. 
  Out 
  of 
  

   these 
  materials 
  he 
  made 
  beads, 
  amulets, 
  small 
  figures, 
  rings, 
  earplugs 
  

   and 
  ear 
  pendants 
  (pi. 
  62, 
  top), 
  various 
  receptacles, 
  and 
  mortars. 
  

   Working 
  with 
  turquoise, 
  which 
  was 
  a 
  scarce 
  medium, 
  he 
  flaked 
  the 
  

   stone 
  and 
  set 
  the 
  flakes 
  into 
  a 
  thick 
  layer 
  of 
  plaster. 
  Softer 
  media, 
  

   such 
  as 
  slate 
  and 
  anthracite, 
  were 
  also 
  used; 
  the 
  latter 
  was 
  made 
  into 
  

   amulets 
  and 
  mirrors, 
  which 
  were 
  ground 
  and 
  polished 
  to 
  a 
  smooth 
  

   surface, 
  which 
  was 
  sometimes 
  convex 
  to 
  reduce 
  an 
  image. 
  

  

  Bonework 
  includes 
  rings 
  (pi. 
  62, 
  bottom), 
  which 
  were 
  skillfully 
  

   carved 
  with 
  religious 
  or 
  demonic 
  motifs, 
  beautifully 
  worked 
  beads, 
  

   earplugs 
  and 
  pendants, 
  combs, 
  spatulas, 
  and 
  needles. 
  Animal 
  bones, 
  

   especially 
  llama 
  bones, 
  and 
  bird 
  bones 
  were 
  used 
  to 
  make 
  these 
  

   artifacts. 
  

  

  The 
  techniques 
  developed 
  by 
  the 
  Cupisnique 
  artisans 
  for 
  this 
  

   exacting 
  and 
  elaborate 
  carving 
  in 
  such 
  durable 
  materials 
  as 
  the 
  very 
  

   hard 
  varieties 
  of 
  rock 
  are 
  not 
  known. 
  

  

  Textiles. 
  — 
  Balls 
  of 
  cotton 
  yarn 
  and 
  fragments 
  of 
  carbonized 
  cloth 
  

   have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  tombs. 
  The 
  textiles 
  are 
  coarse 
  and 
  open, 
  

   imperfectly 
  woven, 
  and 
  done 
  in 
  a 
  simple 
  but 
  uneven 
  interlacing 
  

   technique. 
  Stamps 
  made 
  of 
  pottery 
  are 
  a 
  Cupisnique 
  artifact, 
  but 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  evidence 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  these 
  were 
  used 
  to 
  decorate 
  textiles. 
  

   It 
  seems 
  more 
  likely 
  that 
  the 
  stamps 
  were 
  used 
  to 
  decorate 
  the 
  

   human 
  body. 
  Several 
  of 
  the 
  stamps 
  present 
  traces 
  of 
  red 
  paint 
  

   adhering 
  to 
  them. 
  The 
  bone 
  needles 
  were 
  undoubtedly 
  used 
  to 
  

   sew 
  the 
  textiles 
  in 
  making 
  clothing. 
  

  

  Metals.— 
  In 
  no 
  Cupisnique 
  Period 
  excavations 
  has 
  metal 
  of 
  any 
  

   sort 
  been 
  discovered. 
  

  

  BUKIAL 
  AND 
  RELIGION 
  

  

  Disposal 
  of 
  the 
  dead 
  was 
  clearly 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  religious 
  ideas 
  

   centering 
  around 
  the 
  feline 
  deity. 
  In 
  Cupisnique, 
  a 
  large 
  percentage 
  

   of 
  the 
  offerings 
  to 
  the 
  dead 
  are 
  sculptured, 
  modeled, 
  or 
  incised 
  repre- 
  

   sentations 
  of 
  the 
  gods, 
  particularly 
  the 
  feline. 
  This 
  is 
  in 
  contrast 
  to 
  

   the 
  later 
  cultures, 
  especially 
  Salinar, 
  of 
  the 
  North 
  Coast, 
  in 
  which 
  

  

  