﻿Vol.2] 
  CULTURE 
  OF 
  N. 
  COAST 
  OF 
  PERU 
  — 
  LARCO 
  HOYLE 
  161 
  

  

  skeletons 
  were 
  found 
  the 
  small 
  oval 
  or 
  circular 
  sheets 
  of 
  gold, 
  possibly- 
  

   placed 
  there 
  for 
  magical 
  purposes. 
  It 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  noted 
  that 
  this 
  custom 
  

   was 
  accentuated 
  in 
  the 
  Mochica 
  culture. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  pottery, 
  other 
  funerary 
  offerings 
  include: 
  gourds 
  that 
  

   had 
  been 
  filled 
  with 
  meat, 
  pumpkin 
  seeds, 
  maize, 
  mollusks, 
  land 
  

   snails, 
  birds, 
  dogs 
  placed 
  at 
  the 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  dead 
  man, 
  conical 
  pieces 
  

   of 
  white 
  chalk, 
  mortars, 
  fragments 
  of 
  rough 
  quartz, 
  and 
  round 
  stones, 
  

   usually 
  white 
  in 
  color. 
  

  

  The 
  burial 
  form 
  of 
  Salinar 
  antedates 
  the 
  Mochica 
  burial 
  type 
  in 
  

   which 
  the 
  dead 
  person 
  is 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  grave 
  at 
  full 
  length 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  

   back. 
  It 
  is 
  likely 
  that 
  the 
  stone-slab 
  tombs 
  of 
  Salinar 
  are 
  the 
  precur- 
  

   sors 
  of 
  the 
  Mochica 
  stone-lined 
  box 
  tombs. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  mentioned 
  

   that 
  the 
  burials 
  of 
  Salinar-Cupisnique 
  type, 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Viru 
  Valley, 
  

   are 
  not 
  of 
  the 
  Salinar 
  type 
  but 
  the 
  flexed 
  type 
  of 
  burial 
  which 
  char- 
  

   acterizes 
  Cupisnique 
  proper. 
  

  

  Salinar 
  bodies 
  follow 
  no 
  very 
  definite 
  orientation 
  in 
  the 
  graves 
  with 
  

   reference 
  to 
  the 
  cardinal 
  directions; 
  however, 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  

   oriented 
  within 
  the 
  arc 
  of 
  35° 
  to 
  65° 
  west 
  of 
  magnetic 
  north. 
  

  

  SHAMANISM 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  representation 
  of 
  shamanism 
  or 
  medical 
  practices 
  for 
  the 
  

   North 
  Coast 
  of 
  Perti 
  are 
  recorded 
  in 
  Salinar. 
  One 
  vessel 
  shows 
  a 
  

   seated 
  individual 
  with 
  another 
  person 
  before 
  him 
  who 
  is 
  reclining 
  on 
  

   his 
  back. 
  The 
  seated 
  individual 
  has 
  placed 
  his 
  hands 
  upon 
  the 
  

   patient 
  in 
  much 
  the 
  manner 
  of 
  the 
  Mochica 
  shamans 
  who 
  are 
  shown 
  

   in 
  the 
  pottery 
  of 
  that 
  period 
  (pi. 
  67, 
  d). 
  

  

  THE 
  MOCHICA 
  CULTURE 
  

   GEOGRAPHY 
  

  

  The 
  Mochica 
  territory 
  includes 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Coastal 
  belt 
  of 
  

   North 
  Perti 
  lying 
  between 
  lat. 
  7° 
  36' 
  and 
  9° 
  20' 
  S., 
  and 
  between 
  long. 
  

   78° 
  51' 
  and 
  79° 
  28' 
  W. 
  It 
  embraces 
  the 
  rich 
  valleys 
  of 
  Chicama, 
  

   Santa 
  Catalina 
  (Moche), 
  Viru, 
  Chao, 
  Huamanzafia, 
  Santa 
  Ana 
  

   (Lacramarca) 
  , 
  and 
  Nepefia, 
  an 
  area 
  of 
  approximately 
  6,585 
  sq. 
  km. 
  

   (about 
  1,600 
  sq. 
  miles). 
  

  

  Mochica 
  pottery 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  north 
  of 
  Chicama, 
  in 
  the 
  Valley 
  of 
  

   Jequetepeque, 
  only 
  in 
  small 
  quantity. 
  In 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  Pallasca, 
  in 
  

   the 
  Sierra 
  of 
  the 
  Department 
  of 
  Ancash, 
  there 
  are 
  vessels 
  and 
  stone 
  

   objects 
  showing 
  Mochica 
  influence. 
  These 
  would 
  indicate 
  that 
  

   Mochica 
  influences, 
  carried 
  by 
  conquerors 
  or 
  traders, 
  reached 
  well 
  

   into 
  the 
  interior. 
  

  

  CULTURAL 
  AND 
  CHRONOLOGICAL 
  POSITION 
  

  

  The 
  cultural 
  elements 
  of 
  three 
  periods 
  — 
  Cupisnique, 
  Salinar, 
  and 
  

   Viru 
  Negative 
  — 
  all 
  contributed 
  to 
  the 
  make-up 
  of 
  the 
  Mochica 
  culture. 
  

  

  