﻿162 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  In 
  analyzing 
  the 
  Mochica 
  ceramics, 
  the 
  author 
  sees 
  evidence 
  of 
  four 
  

   progressive 
  periods. 
  The 
  first 
  two 
  are 
  represented 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  Chicama 
  

   and 
  Santa 
  Catalina 
  Valleys; 
  and 
  the 
  last 
  two 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  

   North 
  Coast 
  valleys 
  of 
  the 
  Mochica 
  territory. 
  It 
  is 
  the 
  author's 
  

   opinion 
  that 
  the 
  Mochica 
  style 
  originated 
  in 
  the 
  Chicama 
  Valley. 
  

  

  Throughout 
  the 
  four 
  Mochica 
  ceramic 
  periods 
  are 
  seen 
  the 
  rise, 
  

   evolution, 
  and 
  decadence 
  of 
  the 
  arts. 
  Beginning 
  in 
  naturalism, 
  the 
  

   trend 
  is 
  toward 
  stylization, 
  followed 
  by 
  a 
  rejuvenation, 
  and 
  then 
  a 
  

   degeneration. 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  final 
  stage 
  of 
  decadence, 
  there 
  appeared 
  a 
  new 
  culture 
  

   and 
  people 
  in 
  North 
  Coastal 
  Peru. 
  These 
  people, 
  of 
  whose 
  origins 
  we 
  

   are 
  not 
  sure, 
  left 
  behind 
  a 
  pottery 
  of 
  slightly 
  modified 
  Tiahuanaco 
  

   style. 
  Their 
  influence 
  appears 
  impressed 
  upon 
  the 
  various 
  institu- 
  

   tions 
  and 
  ways 
  of 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  previous 
  Mochica. 
  

  

  A 
  fusion 
  of 
  this 
  Tiahuanaco 
  style 
  with 
  the 
  Mochica 
  left 
  a 
  hybrid 
  

   pottery 
  (Kroeber's 
  Cursive), 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  true 
  Middle 
  Chimu 
  style 
  

   because 
  it 
  links 
  the 
  Mochica 
  with 
  the 
  Late 
  Chimu. 
  

  

  CULTURE 
  

   SOURCES 
  OF 
  INFORMATION 
  

  

  This 
  summary 
  is 
  based 
  principally 
  on 
  observation 
  of 
  over 
  30,000 
  

   ceramic 
  vessels, 
  many 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  realistically 
  modeled 
  and 
  painted 
  to 
  

   represent 
  a 
  wide 
  variety 
  of 
  cultural 
  activities, 
  and 
  on 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  many 
  

   other 
  Mochica 
  artifacts 
  of 
  metal, 
  stone, 
  wood, 
  and 
  bone. 
  These 
  

   objects 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  Kafael 
  Larco 
  Herrera 
  Museum 
  of 
  Chiclin, 
  Perti. 
  

   The 
  summary 
  also 
  includes 
  information 
  obtained 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  

   during 
  many 
  archeological 
  excavation 
  and 
  reconnaissance 
  trips 
  in 
  the 
  

   North 
  Coast 
  area. 
  The 
  ethnology 
  of 
  present-day 
  groups, 
  both 
  of 
  the 
  

   Coast 
  and 
  Highlands 
  of 
  this 
  region, 
  supplements 
  the 
  archeological 
  

   data. 
  

  

  SUBSISTENCE 
  ACTIVITIES 
  

  

  Agriculture. 
  — 
  The 
  Mochica 
  people 
  were 
  advanced 
  agriculturalists. 
  

   Their 
  agricultural 
  activity 
  is 
  evident 
  today 
  not 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  rich 
  valleys 
  

   that 
  they 
  dominated 
  but 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  marginal 
  areas 
  that 
  they 
  brought 
  

   under 
  cultivation 
  through 
  great 
  irrigation 
  works. 
  In 
  all 
  the 
  valleys 
  

   there 
  are 
  canals 
  and 
  aqueducts, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  still 
  utilized 
  today. 
  

   The 
  canal 
  of 
  La 
  Cumbre, 
  113 
  km. 
  (about 
  75 
  miles) 
  long, 
  is 
  fed 
  from 
  

   the 
  headwaters 
  of 
  the 
  Chicama 
  River 
  and 
  irrigates 
  the 
  fields 
  adjacent 
  

   to 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  Chanchan. 
  In 
  order 
  to 
  cross 
  ravines 
  which 
  interfered, 
  

   numerous 
  aqueducts 
  were 
  built, 
  following 
  the 
  plans 
  of 
  canals 
  that 
  

   were 
  traced 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  irrigating 
  new 
  lands. 
  The 
  most 
  im- 
  

   portant 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  Ascope 
  (pi. 
  72, 
  top) 
  in 
  the 
  Chicama 
  Valley, 
  

   Mampuesto 
  in 
  the 
  Santa 
  Catalina 
  Valley, 
  and 
  Tambo 
  Real 
  in 
  the 
  

   Santa 
  Valley. 
  The 
  aqueduct 
  of 
  Ascope, 
  which 
  was 
  constructed 
  by 
  

   sedimentation, 
  has 
  a 
  length 
  of 
  1,400 
  m. 
  (about 
  4,500 
  feet), 
  a 
  cubic 
  

  

  