﻿166 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Although 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  actual 
  textiles 
  have 
  decayed, 
  it 
  is 
  known 
  

   that 
  the 
  Mochicas 
  knew 
  and 
  used 
  llama 
  or 
  vicuna 
  wool 
  and 
  brown 
  

   cotton. 
  Zoological, 
  botanical, 
  and 
  geometric 
  motifs 
  were 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  

   decoration 
  of 
  fabrics; 
  in 
  addition, 
  they 
  attached 
  gold 
  and 
  silver 
  disks 
  

   to 
  their 
  garments. 
  Feathers 
  were 
  also 
  used 
  to 
  adorn 
  clothing 
  and 
  

   turbans. 
  

  

  They 
  painted 
  the 
  face 
  and 
  body 
  with 
  geometric 
  figures, 
  and 
  they 
  

   made 
  incisions 
  in 
  the 
  skin 
  of 
  the 
  lips 
  and 
  cheeks 
  to 
  represent 
  foxes, 
  

   iguanas, 
  felines, 
  serpents, 
  birds, 
  and 
  simple 
  linear 
  arrangements. 
  No 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  tattooing 
  has 
  been 
  found. 
  

  

  TRANSPORTATION 
  

  

  The 
  llama, 
  the 
  only 
  domesticated 
  beast 
  of 
  burden, 
  carried 
  cargo 
  in 
  

   bags, 
  saddle-bags, 
  and 
  large 
  baskets. 
  There 
  is 
  also 
  ceramic 
  repre- 
  

   sentation 
  of 
  llamas 
  carrying 
  mutilated 
  persons. 
  

  

  Ocean 
  travel 
  along 
  the 
  coast 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  balsas 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  

   smaller 
  "caballitos" 
  of 
  totora. 
  These 
  craft 
  were 
  propelled 
  with 
  long 
  

   paddles 
  of 
  wood 
  or 
  planed-off 
  sections 
  of 
  Guayaquil 
  cane. 
  

  

  MANUFACTURES 
  

  

  Ceramics. 
  —The 
  Mochica 
  potter 
  carefully 
  selected 
  his 
  clays 
  to 
  

   obtain 
  a 
  uniform 
  paste. 
  First, 
  the 
  potter 
  modeled 
  a 
  thick-walled 
  

   clay 
  model 
  (pi. 
  71, 
  a), 
  which 
  was 
  fired. 
  Over 
  this 
  he 
  made 
  the 
  molds, 
  

   which 
  were 
  cut 
  vertically 
  into 
  two 
  parts, 
  following 
  the 
  .groove 
  down 
  

   the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  model. 
  From 
  these 
  negative 
  casts 
  (pi. 
  71, 
  6, 
  c) 
  were 
  

   obtained 
  two 
  positives, 
  which 
  were 
  joined 
  to 
  form 
  the 
  vessel. 
  The 
  

   spout, 
  handle, 
  and 
  base 
  were 
  made 
  separately 
  and 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  

   body 
  of 
  the 
  vessel. 
  The 
  junctures 
  were 
  obliterated; 
  and 
  the 
  com- 
  

   pleted 
  vessel 
  was 
  polished, 
  painted, 
  and 
  exposed 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  air 
  to 
  

   dry 
  before 
  firing. 
  Pottery 
  was 
  fired 
  in 
  open 
  ovens, 
  producing 
  com- 
  

   plete 
  oxidization. 
  

  

  For 
  paints, 
  they 
  used 
  colored 
  clay 
  mixed 
  with 
  silicious 
  materials 
  that 
  

   when 
  fired 
  produced 
  a 
  brilliant 
  surface. 
  Polishing 
  was 
  done 
  with 
  

   spatulas 
  of 
  bone. 
  In 
  special 
  cases 
  they 
  inlaid 
  the 
  pots 
  with 
  turquoise, 
  

   slate, 
  and 
  bits 
  of 
  gold 
  and 
  silver. 
  

  

  Textiles.— 
  The 
  Mochicas 
  prepared 
  thread 
  by 
  hand 
  on 
  a 
  spindle 
  

   having 
  a 
  whorl. 
  Textiles 
  were 
  woven 
  on 
  hand 
  looms. 
  The 
  few 
  

   existing 
  specimens 
  of 
  cloth 
  and 
  the 
  pottery 
  representations 
  show 
  

   the 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  fabrics 
  used 
  for 
  clothing 
  and 
  their 
  rich 
  decoration. 
  

   Both 
  open-mesh 
  and 
  close-weft 
  weaving 
  was 
  employed. 
  The 
  thinner 
  

   cloth 
  served 
  as 
  underclothing 
  and 
  the 
  more 
  tightly 
  woven 
  for 
  the 
  outer 
  

   garments. 
  The 
  textile 
  industry 
  was 
  in 
  charge 
  of 
  the 
  women. 
  

  

  Preparation 
  of 
  skins. 
  — 
  Hides 
  were 
  prepared 
  both 
  depilated 
  and 
  

   with 
  the 
  hair. 
  Judging 
  from 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  treated 
  skins, 
  they 
  

   used 
  lime 
  and 
  alum 
  to 
  treat 
  and 
  bleach 
  them, 
  obtaining 
  a 
  smooth, 
  

  

  