﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  CUZCO 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  — 
  VALCARCEL 
  179 
  

  

  uments 
  were 
  discovered. 
  The 
  first 
  tower 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  cylinder, 
  

   its 
  base 
  contained 
  in 
  a 
  rectangle. 
  The 
  notable 
  thing 
  about 
  it 
  was 
  

   that, 
  in 
  the 
  central 
  part, 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  deposit 
  for 
  water, 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  

   water 
  was 
  distributed 
  by 
  canals. 
  The 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  tower 
  has 
  three 
  

   concentric 
  circumferences 
  with 
  the 
  following 
  diameters: 
  9.35, 
  15, 
  and 
  

   22.2 
  m. 
  (about 
  30, 
  50, 
  and 
  75 
  ft.). 
  The 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  tower 
  of 
  Salla 
  

   Marca 
  is 
  a 
  rectangle 
  21.8 
  by 
  10.2 
  m. 
  (about 
  65 
  by 
  33 
  ft.). 
  There 
  is 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  several 
  stories, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  central 
  part 
  two 
  platforms 
  can 
  

   still 
  be 
  seen. 
  The 
  tower 
  of 
  Paucar 
  Marca 
  has 
  fallen 
  into 
  the 
  worst 
  

   ruin 
  and 
  only 
  traces 
  of 
  it 
  remain. 
  Six 
  other 
  habitations, 
  of 
  a 
  rustic 
  

   style 
  very 
  inferior 
  to 
  the 
  Inca 
  style 
  of 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  constructions, 
  

   appeared 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  site, 
  and 
  within 
  them 
  were 
  several 
  

   tons 
  of 
  Inca 
  pottery 
  fragments. 
  

  

  Behind 
  the 
  well-known 
  great 
  stone-block 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  north 
  side, 
  

   on 
  the 
  second 
  path, 
  the 
  passages 
  or 
  trenches, 
  running 
  parallel 
  like 
  a 
  

   system 
  of 
  defenses, 
  were 
  restored. 
  Small 
  excavations 
  made 
  at 
  the 
  

   outer 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  great 
  wall 
  showed 
  that 
  the 
  wall 
  extended 
  at 
  

   least 
  another 
  3 
  m. 
  (10 
  ft.) 
  below 
  the 
  present 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  plaza, 
  an 
  

   amount 
  that 
  should 
  be 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  maximum 
  wall 
  height 
  of 
  

   6.5 
  m. 
  (21 
  ft.). 
  This 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  filled 
  in, 
  for 
  in 
  the 
  front 
  

   section 
  were 
  discovered 
  |a 
  group 
  of 
  houses 
  or 
  rooms 
  on 
  an 
  old 
  

   plaza 
  level. 
  

  

  Structural 
  reinforcements 
  were 
  also 
  made 
  at 
  Sacsahuaman 
  to 
  pre- 
  

   vent 
  landslides 
  with 
  subsequent 
  destruction 
  of 
  terraces 
  and 
  walls. 
  

   The 
  work 
  completed 
  there 
  reveals 
  that 
  the 
  entire 
  construction 
  of 
  the 
  

   fortress 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  time 
  and 
  style 
  of 
  the 
  Inca; 
  none 
  of 
  it 
  is 
  pre-Jnca. 
  

   The 
  Cyclopean 
  walls 
  are 
  not 
  different 
  from 
  the 
  others 
  that 
  surround 
  

   the 
  site 
  on 
  its 
  eastern, 
  southern, 
  and 
  western 
  sides. 
  The 
  stones 
  in 
  the 
  

   latter 
  are 
  smaller, 
  but 
  they 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  identical 
  in 
  form 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  

   the 
  north 
  wall. 
  The 
  blocks 
  forming 
  the 
  north 
  wall 
  are 
  much 
  larger 
  

   because 
  the 
  natural 
  fortification 
  was 
  weaker 
  in 
  that 
  section; 
  on 
  the 
  

   other 
  sides, 
  the 
  steep 
  natural 
  slopes 
  assured 
  defense. 
  

  

  The 
  numerous 
  constructions, 
  some 
  uncovered 
  and 
  others 
  unexcavated, 
  

   confirm 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  Sacsahuaman 
  was 
  not 
  a 
  fort 
  for 
  the 
  defense 
  of 
  the 
  

   city 
  of 
  Cuzco 
  but 
  a 
  fortified 
  retreat 
  for 
  refuge 
  in 
  case 
  of 
  danger. 
  In 
  time 
  

   of 
  peace 
  it 
  was 
  an 
  important 
  center 
  of 
  military 
  supplies, 
  the 
  castle 
  of 
  

   the 
  Inca 
  Emperor, 
  and 
  a 
  principal 
  sanctuary. 
  Sacsahuaman 
  formed 
  

   part 
  of, 
  and 
  completed, 
  a 
  much 
  greater 
  site 
  called 
  Upper 
  Cuzco 
  or 
  

   Janan 
  Kosko. 
  This 
  site 
  extends 
  over 
  the 
  plains 
  and 
  steep 
  inclines 
  of 
  

   the 
  hills 
  which 
  dominated 
  the 
  city 
  of 
  Cuzco 
  from 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  north- 
  

   east. 
  In 
  the 
  area 
  fronting 
  on 
  the 
  fortress, 
  called 
  Suchuna, 
  many 
  stone 
  

   outcrops 
  have 
  been 
  variously 
  worked 
  to 
  form 
  multiple 
  geometric 
  com- 
  

   binations 
  which 
  the 
  common 
  people 
  recognize 
  as 
  altars 
  or 
  thrones. 
  

   Along 
  the 
  cliffs 
  are 
  many 
  nicely 
  constructed 
  walls 
  of 
  polished 
  stone, 
  

   which 
  follow. 
  the 
  natural 
  curves 
  of 
  the 
  ; 
  cliff 
  . 
  like 
  ....a 
  belt. 
  The 
  exca- 
  

  

  