﻿180 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  vated 
  constructions 
  have 
  revealed 
  both 
  religious 
  and 
  military 
  mon- 
  

   uments. 
  Here, 
  probably, 
  began 
  the 
  curvilinear 
  walls 
  that 
  seem 
  so 
  rare 
  

   in 
  the 
  Inca 
  architecture 
  but 
  which 
  abound 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  of 
  Upper 
  

   Cuzco. 
  Amphitheaters, 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  Suchuna 
  and 
  Kenko, 
  are 
  samples 
  

   of 
  this 
  architectural 
  style. 
  

  

  From 
  early 
  times, 
  the 
  sites 
  of 
  Tampumachay 
  and 
  Pucara, 
  situated 
  

   some 
  6 
  km. 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  Sacsahuaman, 
  have 
  been 
  known, 
  respec- 
  

   tively, 
  as 
  baths 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  fort. 
  These 
  sites 
  were 
  extensively 
  and 
  

   carefully 
  excavated 
  and 
  cleared, 
  and 
  the 
  buildings 
  were 
  restored 
  in 
  all 
  

   their 
  grace 
  and 
  splendor. 
  They 
  are 
  very 
  attractive 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  

   singular 
  beauty 
  of 
  the 
  landscape 
  that 
  surrounds 
  them. 
  

  

  Toward 
  the 
  east 
  is 
  Kenko. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  known 
  from 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  

   Conquest 
  as 
  an 
  empty 
  violated 
  tomb 
  which 
  probably 
  held 
  the 
  re- 
  

   mains 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  Emperor 
  Pachacuti, 
  the 
  ninth 
  of 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  dynasty. 
  

   Exploration 
  revealed 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  monuments 
  at 
  this 
  site, 
  which 
  was 
  

   artistically 
  most 
  impressive: 
  the 
  amphitheater 
  of 
  Kenko 
  (pi. 
  75, 
  top), 
  

   with 
  its 
  area 
  of 
  6.30 
  m. 
  2 
  (about 
  67 
  sq. 
  ft.), 
  its 
  concave 
  wall 
  of 
  54.10 
  m. 
  2 
  

   (about 
  580 
  sq. 
  ft.), 
  the 
  convex 
  wall 
  that 
  follows 
  it, 
  20.10 
  m. 
  2 
  (about 
  67 
  

   ft.) 
  in 
  length, 
  and 
  its 
  19 
  niches. 
  These 
  last 
  average 
  1.20 
  m. 
  (about 
  

   4 
  ft.) 
  in 
  width 
  and 
  0.78 
  m. 
  (about 
  2 
  ft., 
  8 
  in.) 
  in 
  depth. 
  Only 
  the 
  

   lower 
  parts 
  of 
  these 
  ruins 
  are 
  preserved. 
  

  

  In 
  front 
  of 
  this 
  great 
  amphitheater 
  with 
  the 
  above-mentioned 
  niches, 
  

   on 
  a 
  platform 
  of 
  carved 
  stone, 
  is 
  a 
  natural 
  rock, 
  rising 
  5.90 
  m. 
  (about 
  

   20 
  ft.) 
  above 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  ground. 
  This 
  probably 
  was 
  an 
  object 
  of 
  

   worship, 
  and 
  its 
  appearance 
  at 
  certain 
  hours 
  of 
  the 
  day 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  

   gigantic 
  puma. 
  All 
  the 
  discoveries 
  were 
  made 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  group 
  of 
  rocks 
  called 
  Kenko, 
  under 
  which 
  was 
  a 
  sepulchral 
  cham- 
  

   ber. 
  This 
  stony 
  mass 
  has 
  an 
  area 
  of 
  approximately 
  3,500 
  m. 
  2 
  (about 
  

   37,500 
  sq.ft.), 
  and 
  presents 
  innumerable 
  carvings 
  representing 
  animals, 
  

   geometric 
  figures 
  in 
  echelon, 
  little 
  columns, 
  and 
  protuberances 
  thought 
  

   to 
  be 
  gnomons 
  for 
  astronomical 
  observations. 
  

  

  Similar 
  to 
  Kenko 
  are 
  the 
  archeological 
  sites 
  of 
  Lako, 
  Lanlakuyoc, 
  

   and 
  Kusilluyoj, 
  but 
  nothing 
  was 
  found 
  there 
  except 
  the 
  remains 
  of 
  

   walls 
  against 
  the 
  cliff. 
  In 
  all 
  of 
  them, 
  the 
  stony 
  masses 
  have 
  internal 
  

   fissures 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  dug 
  more 
  deeply, 
  introducing 
  a 
  complicated 
  

   network 
  of 
  subterranean 
  passages, 
  labyrinths, 
  or 
  Chinkanas, 
  which 
  

   keep 
  alive 
  today 
  in 
  the 
  popular 
  imagination 
  the 
  legends 
  about 
  the 
  

   fabulous 
  treasures 
  hidden 
  away 
  in 
  secret 
  compartments. 
  

  

  In 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  cliffs, 
  called 
  Titikaka, 
  which 
  emerges 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  

   part 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  levels 
  of 
  Kenko, 
  three 
  precious 
  objects 
  were 
  

   found 
  in 
  the 
  fissures: 
  a 
  little 
  gold 
  llama; 
  an 
  unusual 
  gold 
  ornament 
  

   like 
  a 
  wristlet 
  or 
  wide 
  bracelet; 
  and 
  the 
  first 
  example 
  of 
  a 
  bowl 
  or 
  

   deep 
  plate 
  with 
  a 
  handle 
  — 
  a 
  common 
  form 
  of 
  Cuzco 
  ceramics 
  — 
  deli- 
  

   cately 
  wrought 
  of 
  silver, 
  with 
  graceful 
  openwork 
  and 
  inlays 
  of 
  shell 
  

   and 
  malachite. 
  Another 
  famous 
  rock, 
  that 
  of 
  Sapantiana, 
  southeast 
  

   ,of 
  Sacsahuaman, 
  was 
  examined 
  and 
  excavations 
  were 
  made 
  beside 
  

  

  