﻿Vol.2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  189 
  

  

  Inca 
  did, 
  and 
  drove 
  the 
  original 
  Quechua 
  inhabitants 
  out 
  of 
  Andahuaylas. 
  At 
  

   the 
  end 
  of 
  Viracocha's 
  reign, 
  they 
  nearly 
  destroyed 
  the 
  Inca 
  state. 
  (Cieza, 
  1554, 
  

   bk. 
  1, 
  ch. 
  90; 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  ch. 
  26.) 
  

  

  (29) 
  Vilcapampa 
  (Vilcabamba; 
  probably 
  from 
  Quechua 
  Wil'ka-pampa, 
  "val- 
  

   ley 
  of 
  the 
  narcotic 
  berry"). 
  A 
  mountainous 
  province 
  northwest 
  of 
  Cuzco 
  where 
  

   the 
  Inca 
  dynasty 
  took 
  refuge 
  after 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Conquest 
  and 
  continued 
  to 
  keep 
  

   up 
  an 
  independent 
  state 
  for 
  nearly 
  40 
  years. 
  (See 
  this 
  volume, 
  pp. 
  343-345). 
  

   Its 
  capital 
  was 
  called 
  Vitcos 
  (Bitcos, 
  Biticos, 
  Pitcos). 
  (See 
  Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  

   12, 
  ch. 
  12; 
  Calancha, 
  1638, 
  bk. 
  4, 
  chs. 
  2-10; 
  Bingham, 
  1912.) 
  

  

  (30) 
  Quechua 
  (Quichua, 
  Quichiua). 
  The 
  Quechua 
  lived 
  around 
  Abancay 
  and 
  

   Curahuasi 
  in 
  a 
  region 
  of 
  semitropical 
  climate. 
  Their 
  name 
  (in 
  Quechua, 
  Qhicwa) 
  

   seems 
  to 
  have 
  meant 
  "'warm 
  valley 
  [people]," 
  and 
  was 
  probably 
  applied 
  to 
  them 
  

   by 
  their 
  Inca 
  neighbors. 
  About 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  15th 
  century, 
  the 
  Quechua 
  

   seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  largest 
  and 
  most 
  powerful 
  tribes 
  in 
  their 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   Andes. 
  Their 
  territory 
  included 
  the 
  province 
  of 
  Chanca 
  (Andahuayla) 
  on 
  one 
  

   side, 
  and 
  probably 
  that 
  of 
  Cotapampa 
  on 
  the 
  other, 
  at 
  a 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  Inca 
  state 
  

   was 
  small 
  and 
  only 
  just 
  beginning 
  to 
  show 
  strength. 
  It 
  was 
  probably 
  at 
  this 
  

   time 
  that 
  their 
  name 
  was 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  language 
  which 
  the 
  Inca 
  later 
  spread 
  all 
  

   over 
  their 
  Empire. 
  Early 
  in 
  the 
  15th 
  century, 
  however, 
  the 
  Chanca 
  attacked 
  

   the 
  Quechua 
  from 
  the 
  west 
  and 
  drove 
  them 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  province 
  of 
  Andahuayla. 
  

   This 
  defeat 
  broke 
  the 
  Quechua 
  power 
  once 
  and 
  for 
  all, 
  and 
  left 
  the 
  way 
  open 
  for 
  

   the 
  Inca 
  to 
  assume 
  the 
  leadership 
  of 
  the 
  Qwec/ma-speaking 
  peoples. 
  The 
  Inca 
  

   and 
  Quechua 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  had 
  an 
  alliance 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  Chanca 
  attack, 
  

   which 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  one 
  reason 
  why 
  the 
  war 
  between 
  the 
  Inca 
  and 
  Chanca 
  cul- 
  

   minated 
  in 
  an 
  Inca 
  victory 
  in 
  1438. 
  The 
  Quechua 
  were 
  made 
  "Incas 
  by 
  privi- 
  

   lege" 
  by 
  Pachacuti. 
  (Cieza, 
  1880, 
  pt. 
  2, 
  chs. 
  34, 
  37; 
  Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  

   ch. 
  12; 
  Poma, 
  1936, 
  pp. 
  85, 
  337; 
  Pachacuti, 
  1879, 
  p. 
  318; 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  

   ch. 
  44.) 
  Quechua 
  first 
  appears 
  as 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  language 
  in 
  documents 
  

   of 
  1560 
  (Santo 
  Tomas, 
  1891, 
  p. 
  1). 
  The 
  triple 
  meaning 
  of 
  the 
  word 
  Quechua 
  in 
  

   the 
  16th 
  century 
  (a 
  geographic 
  region, 
  a 
  tribe, 
  and 
  a 
  language) 
  is 
  a 
  potential 
  

   source 
  of 
  confusion 
  which 
  must 
  be 
  duly 
  guarded 
  against. 
  

  

  (31) 
  Yanahuara 
  (Yanaguara; 
  probably 
  from 
  Quechua 
  Yanawara, 
  "black 
  

   breechclout"). 
  The 
  Yanaguara 
  were 
  "Incas 
  by 
  privilege." 
  (Poma, 
  1936, 
  pp. 
  85, 
  

   337. 
  See 
  also 
  Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  ch. 
  10.) 
  

  

  (32) 
  hare 
  (Lari). 
  A 
  tribe 
  of 
  "Incas 
  by 
  privilege" 
  in 
  the 
  Lares 
  Valley, 
  north- 
  

   east 
  of 
  Cuzco. 
  (Poma, 
  1936, 
  pp. 
  85, 
  337.) 
  

  

  (33) 
  Cusco 
  (Cuzco, 
  Cozco; 
  from 
  Quechua 
  Qosqo, 
  no 
  meaning). 
  The 
  area 
  so 
  

   marked 
  on 
  the 
  map 
  was 
  probably 
  neither 
  a 
  provincial 
  nor 
  a 
  tribal 
  unit. 
  It 
  is 
  the 
  

   area 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  capital 
  where 
  old 
  tribal 
  lines 
  were 
  so 
  broken 
  up 
  by 
  Pachacuti's 
  

   resettlement 
  program 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  possible 
  to 
  distinguish 
  the 
  old 
  groups. 
  A 
  num- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  tribal 
  names 
  are 
  known 
  for 
  this 
  area, 
  but 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  may 
  refer 
  to 
  the 
  

   same 
  tribe. 
  The 
  Ayamarca 
  (Ayarmaca), 
  Huayllacan 
  (Guayllacan) 
  , 
  Hualla 
  (Gu- 
  

   alla), 
  Inca 
  (Inga), 
  Quehuar 
  (Quiguar, 
  Queuar), 
  Huaroc 
  (Huaruc, 
  Haroc), 
  and 
  

   Quispicanchi 
  probably 
  all 
  lived 
  in 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  Cuzco. 
  The 
  Anta, 
  Mayo, 
  

   Tampo 
  (Tambo), 
  Sanco 
  (Tanco, 
  Canco), 
  Quilliscachi, 
  and 
  Equeco 
  (Equequo) 
  

   lived 
  in 
  and 
  around 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  Anta 
  (also 
  called 
  Ziirite, 
  Jaquijahuana, 
  Xaquixa- 
  

   quana, 
  Sacsahuana, 
  etc.). 
  Mara, 
  Poque, 
  and 
  other 
  tribes 
  are 
  also 
  mentioned 
  

   for 
  this 
  area. 
  All 
  these 
  people 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  spoken 
  Quechua, 
  and 
  all 
  were 
  Inca, 
  

   either 
  by 
  blood 
  or 
  by 
  privilege. 
  (Pachacuti, 
  1879, 
  p. 
  318; 
  Poma, 
  1936, 
  pp. 
  84-85, 
  

   337, 
  347; 
  Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  chs. 
  20, 
  23; 
  Morales, 
  1866; 
  Toledo, 
  1940; 
  

   Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  chs. 
  13-35.) 
  

  

  (34) 
  Paucartampo 
  (Paucartambo, 
  Paucartampu) 
  , 
  Its 
  existence 
  as 
  a 
  separate 
  

   province 
  is 
  doubtful, 
  but 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  no 
  grounds 
  for 
  attaching 
  it 
  to 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  

   neighboring 
  units. 
  It 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  inhabited 
  by 
  Poque. 
  (Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt.l, 
  

   bk. 
  1, 
  ch. 
  20.) 
  

  

  