﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  191 
  

  

  completely 
  fanciful. 
  Ari 
  is 
  Aymara, 
  and 
  means 
  "needle" 
  or 
  "peak" 
  (i. 
  e., 
  

   Mount 
  Misti) 
  ; 
  qipa 
  is 
  a 
  Quechua 
  affix 
  meaning 
  "behind." 
  The 
  valley 
  of 
  Arequipa 
  

   seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  nearly 
  depopulated 
  by 
  a 
  volcanic 
  eruption 
  when 
  the 
  Inca 
  first 
  

   entered 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  Pachacuti, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  resettled 
  with 
  colonists 
  from 
  the 
  

   Highland 
  provinces, 
  some 
  of 
  whom 
  spoke 
  Quechua, 
  others 
  Aymara. 
  (Pachacuti, 
  

   1879, 
  p. 
  279; 
  Moriia, 
  1922-25, 
  bk. 
  4, 
  ch. 
  11.) 
  

  

  Coastal 
  divisions. 
  — 
  The 
  best 
  systematic 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  valleys 
  is 
  

   given 
  by 
  Cieza( 
  1554, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  chs. 
  66-75). 
  As 
  very 
  little 
  de 
  bailed 
  information 
  is 
  available 
  

   for 
  individual 
  valleys, 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  simply 
  named 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  list: 
  

  

  (1) 
  Tumbez 
  (Tumbes, 
  Tumpiz), 
  the 
  northernmost 
  valley 
  on 
  the 
  desert 
  Coast. 
  

  

  (2) 
  Chira. 
  Its 
  chief 
  town 
  was 
  Sullana 
  (Solana). 
  

  

  (3) 
  Piura. 
  (RGI, 
  1881-97, 
  2: 
  225-42.) 
  

  

  (4) 
  Olmos. 
  An 
  oasis 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  mountains. 
  

  

  (5) 
  Lambayeque. 
  A 
  large 
  multiple 
  valley. 
  It 
  had 
  a 
  long 
  dynasty 
  of 
  legendary 
  

   local 
  chiefs 
  before 
  it 
  was 
  conquered 
  by 
  the 
  Chimu 
  king 
  about 
  1460. 
  Its 
  history, 
  

   which 
  is 
  very 
  important 
  for 
  chronology, 
  is 
  preserved 
  by 
  Cabello 
  Balboa 
  (ms. 
  Ill, 
  

   17; 
  and 
  see 
  Means, 
  1931, 
  pp. 
  50-55). 
  The 
  language 
  spoken 
  was 
  Mochica 
  (Car- 
  

   rera, 
  1939). 
  

  

  (6) 
  Pacasmayo. 
  Another 
  large 
  valley 
  which 
  formed 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Chimu 
  King- 
  

   dom. 
  Its 
  customs 
  are 
  described 
  in 
  admirable 
  detail 
  by 
  Calancha 
  (1638, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  

   chs. 
  1-4), 
  and 
  will 
  be 
  referred 
  to 
  below, 
  pp. 
  000-000. 
  The 
  people 
  spoke 
  Mochica. 
  

   The 
  valley 
  is 
  also 
  called 
  Jequetepeque 
  (Xequetepeque) 
  . 
  

  

  (7) 
  Chicama. 
  This 
  valley 
  is 
  continuous 
  with 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  Chimu. 
  

  

  (8) 
  Chimu 
  (Chimo; 
  also 
  called 
  Moche, 
  Trujillo, 
  or 
  Santa 
  Catalina). 
  This 
  

   was 
  the 
  home 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Chimu 
  kings 
  who 
  built 
  up 
  a 
  dominion 
  reaching 
  from 
  

   Tumbes 
  to 
  Parmunca 
  in 
  the 
  15th 
  century. 
  Their 
  capital 
  was 
  Chanchan, 
  near 
  

   modern 
  Trujillo. 
  They 
  spoke 
  Quingnam, 
  a 
  language 
  probably 
  related 
  to 
  Mochica. 
  

   It 
  survived 
  in 
  the 
  valley 
  until 
  the 
  19th 
  century 
  (Squier, 
  1877, 
  p. 
  169). 
  (See 
  Cal- 
  

   ancha, 
  1638, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  ch. 
  2: 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  chs. 
  38, 
  46; 
  Cieza, 
  1880, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  ch. 
  58.) 
  

  

  (9) 
  Viru*. 
  Also 
  called 
  Guafiape 
  (Guanape, 
  Huanapu). 
  

  

  (10) 
  Chao. 
  Also 
  called 
  Suo. 
  

  

  (11) 
  Chimbote. 
  Also 
  called 
  Santa 
  (Sancta). 
  

  

  (12) 
  Nepena. 
  Also 
  called 
  Guambacho. 
  

   (18) 
  Casma. 
  

  

  (14) 
  Huarmey 
  (Guarmey). 
  

  

  (16) 
  Parmunca 
  (Paramonga). 
  Also 
  called 
  Fortaleza. 
  In 
  this 
  valley 
  stands 
  a 
  

   famous 
  ruined 
  fort, 
  described 
  frequently 
  in 
  the 
  chronicles. 
  (Cieza, 
  1 
  554, 
  bk 
  1, 
  ch. 
  70 
  ; 
  

   Calancha, 
  1638, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  ch.2; 
  Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  6, 
  ch. 
  33.) 
  It 
  is 
  supposed 
  

   to 
  have 
  marked 
  the 
  Chimu 
  frontier. 
  The 
  valley 
  of 
  Huaman 
  (Guaman; 
  probably 
  

   from 
  Quechua 
  wama&, 
  "hawk"), 
  also 
  called 
  Barranca, 
  is 
  so 
  near 
  Parmunca 
  that 
  

   it 
  is 
  not 
  listed 
  separately. 
  

  

  (16) 
  Huaura 
  (Guaura). 
  Also 
  called 
  Huacho 
  or 
  Supe. 
  Calancha 
  (1638, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  

   ch. 
  18) 
  gives 
  information 
  about 
  religion. 
  

  

  (17) 
  Chancay. 
  Not 
  to 
  be 
  confused 
  with 
  the 
  Chancay 
  River 
  in 
  Lambayeque 
  

   Valley. 
  

  

  (18) 
  Lima 
  (Rima, 
  Rimac; 
  from 
  Quechua 
  Rimaq, 
  "speaker," 
  "oracle"). 
  This 
  

   is 
  a 
  large 
  double 
  valley 
  and 
  had 
  a 
  population 
  of 
  about 
  150,000 
  in 
  Inca 
  times, 
  to 
  

   judge 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  divided 
  into 
  three 
  hono 
  units. 
  Two 
  languages 
  

   were 
  spoken. 
  (Cobo, 
  1935, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  ch. 
  7; 
  Calancha, 
  1638, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  ch. 
  37.) 
  

  

  (19) 
  Lurin. 
  Pachacamac, 
  the 
  most 
  famous 
  shrine 
  on 
  the 
  whole 
  coast, 
  stood 
  

   here, 
  and 
  the 
  Inca 
  made 
  it 
  an 
  important 
  administrative 
  center. 
  It 
  has 
  quite 
  an 
  

   extensive 
  bibliography. 
  (See 
  Cieza, 
  1554, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  ch. 
  72; 
  Calancha, 
  1638, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  

   ch. 
  19; 
  and 
  the 
  Conquest 
  witnesses 
  cited 
  in 
  Uhle, 
  1903.) 
  

  

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