﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  193 
  

  

  eh. 
  14; 
  Thompson, 
  1936; 
  Means, 
  1931; 
  Mead, 
  1924; 
  Prescott, 
  1908; 
  

   Baudin, 
  1928; 
  and 
  Markham, 
  1910. 
  Other 
  modern 
  writings 
  on 
  the 
  

   Inca 
  are 
  numerous 
  and 
  can 
  be 
  conveniently 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  bibliographies 
  

   of 
  Means, 
  1931, 
  and 
  Baudin, 
  1928. 
  A 
  few 
  are 
  listed 
  in 
  the 
  bibliog- 
  

   raphy 
  to 
  this 
  section. 
  

  

  Because 
  of 
  the 
  limited 
  usefulness 
  of 
  most 
  secondary 
  treatments, 
  

   the 
  reader 
  desiring 
  a 
  comprehensive 
  view 
  or 
  even 
  searching 
  for 
  com- 
  

   parative 
  material 
  on 
  some 
  aspect 
  of 
  Inca 
  life 
  will 
  find 
  it 
  necessarry 
  to 
  

   consult 
  the 
  sources 
  himself. 
  The 
  original 
  documents 
  are 
  so 
  numer- 
  

   ous 
  and 
  so 
  varying 
  in 
  reliability 
  that 
  the 
  task 
  of 
  consulting 
  them 
  can- 
  

   not 
  be 
  undertaken 
  lightly. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  two 
  indispensable 
  bibliographical 
  handbooks 
  which 
  

   list 
  the 
  published 
  editions 
  of 
  the 
  sources 
  on 
  Andean 
  history 
  and 
  cul- 
  

   ture. 
  P. 
  A. 
  Means' 
  "Biblioteca 
  Andina," 
  1928, 
  lists 
  the 
  principal 
  

   chroniclers 
  in 
  alphabetical 
  order. 
  For 
  each, 
  he 
  gives 
  a 
  short 
  bio- 
  

   graphical 
  notice, 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  works 
  relating 
  to 
  Andean 
  antiquity, 
  the 
  

   most 
  important 
  published 
  editions 
  of 
  these 
  works, 
  and 
  remarks 
  on 
  

   the 
  material 
  they 
  cover 
  and 
  its 
  quality. 
  The 
  Biblioteca 
  Andina 
  is 
  

   now 
  a 
  little 
  out 
  of 
  date, 
  and 
  the 
  author's 
  critical 
  judgment 
  of 
  some 
  

   writers 
  must 
  be 
  accepted 
  with 
  some 
  reservation. 
  His 
  classification 
  of 
  

   the 
  chroniclers 
  into 
  a 
  "Garcilassan 
  School" 
  and 
  a 
  "Toledan 
  School" 
  

   is 
  without 
  sufficient 
  basis, 
  and 
  its 
  implication 
  that 
  writers 
  who 
  were 
  

   not 
  personal 
  sympathizers 
  with 
  the 
  Inca 
  system 
  cannot 
  be 
  relied 
  

   upon 
  has 
  led 
  Means 
  to 
  accept 
  the 
  theories 
  of 
  some 
  very 
  dubious 
  au- 
  

   thors 
  like 
  Garcilaso, 
  Valera, 
  and 
  Montesinos. 
  The 
  "Biblioteca 
  An- 
  

   dina" 
  remains 
  the 
  best 
  thing 
  of 
  its 
  kind 
  in 
  English, 
  however. 
  

  

  Father 
  Ruben 
  Vargas 
  Ugarte's 
  "Historia 
  del 
  Peru: 
  Fuentes," 
  1939, 
  

   is 
  an 
  annotated 
  bibliography 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  history 
  of 
  Peru, 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  

   remarks 
  about 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  authors, 
  and 
  very 
  useful 
  indices 
  of 
  Peruvian 
  

   material 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  collections 
  of 
  documents. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  good 
  index 
  

   of 
  names. 
  It 
  is, 
  however, 
  so 
  condensed 
  that 
  things 
  are 
  sometimes 
  

   found 
  with 
  difficulty 
  and 
  its 
  bibliographical 
  citations 
  are 
  too 
  brief, 
  

   but 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  mine 
  of 
  information 
  if 
  properly 
  used. 
  Less 
  accurate 
  but 
  

   extremely 
  useful 
  also 
  is 
  the 
  critical 
  list 
  of 
  sources 
  in 
  Chapter 
  1 
  of 
  

   Baudin, 
  1928. 
  

  

  It 
  should 
  be 
  borne 
  in 
  mind 
  that 
  for 
  the 
  pre-Spanish 
  period, 
  we 
  

   have 
  no 
  first-hand 
  account, 
  except 
  for 
  the 
  eyewitness 
  descriptions 
  of 
  

   some 
  aspects 
  of 
  Inca 
  ceremonial 
  left 
  by 
  a 
  few 
  of 
  the 
  Spanish 
  soldiers 
  

   who 
  accompanied 
  Pizarro. 
  For 
  other 
  aspects 
  of 
  the 
  culture, 
  the 
  

   Spanish 
  sources 
  are 
  translations 
  and 
  modifications 
  of 
  the 
  testimony 
  

   of 
  Indian 
  witnesses 
  whose 
  veracity 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  difficult 
  to 
  judge 
  at 
  this 
  

   distance. 
  In 
  addition, 
  16th- 
  and 
  17th-century 
  writers 
  copied 
  liberally 
  

   from 
  one 
  another, 
  often 
  without 
  giving 
  credit, 
  so 
  that 
  many 
  works 
  

   which 
  are 
  usually 
  termed 
  " 
  sources" 
  or 
  "documents" 
  are 
  only 
  third- 
  

   or 
  fourth-hand 
  restatements 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  testimony, 
  marred 
  by 
  

  

  