﻿Vol.2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  199 
  

  

  found 
  as 
  yet, 
  and 
  no 
  sculpture 
  in 
  stone 
  above 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  a 
  figurine. 
  

   The 
  typical 
  decorated 
  pottery 
  is 
  a 
  polished 
  black 
  ware 
  with 
  applied 
  

   relief 
  ornaments 
  and 
  simple 
  geometric 
  or 
  animal 
  designs 
  incised 
  on 
  

   the 
  outer 
  surface. 
  There 
  is 
  also 
  some 
  red 
  ware 
  with 
  simple 
  geometric 
  

   d 
  esigns 
  in 
  white 
  on 
  a 
  red 
  background. 
  The 
  cooking 
  ware 
  has 
  a 
  brushed 
  

   surface 
  and 
  punctate 
  ornament 
  with 
  occasional 
  bits 
  of 
  modeling. 
  

   Flat 
  plates 
  and 
  straight-sided 
  bowls 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  common 
  decorated 
  

   shapes, 
  and 
  are 
  notable 
  for 
  their 
  heavily 
  thickened 
  rims. 
  A 
  few 
  very 
  

   well-made 
  solid 
  human 
  figurines 
  and 
  large 
  modeled 
  ornaments 
  were 
  

   also 
  made 
  from 
  pottery. 
  The 
  closest 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  Chanapata 
  

   style 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  with 
  Chiripa 
  in 
  Bolivia 
  (Bennett, 
  1936, 
  figs. 
  27-29, 
  

   and 
  this 
  volume, 
  p. 
  118); 
  next, 
  with 
  the 
  Chavin 
  style 
  of 
  northern 
  

   Peru* 
  (Tello, 
  1943); 
  very 
  distantly 
  with 
  Pucara, 
  its 
  nearest 
  neighbor; 
  

   and 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  to 
  Tiahuanaco. 
  No 
  trade 
  sherds 
  of 
  any 
  of 
  these 
  styles 
  

   were 
  found 
  (Rowe, 
  1944). 
  

  

  Early 
  Inca 
  period. 
  — 
  The 
  Early 
  Inca 
  archeological 
  material 
  probably 
  

   corresponds 
  to 
  the 
  historical 
  period 
  of 
  about 
  1200 
  to 
  c. 
  1438, 
  which 
  

   saw 
  the 
  gradual 
  establishment 
  of 
  Inca 
  hegemony 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  

   Cuzco. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  sites 
  occupied 
  in 
  this 
  period 
  continued 
  in 
  use 
  

   right 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Conquest, 
  and 
  some 
  good 
  stratigraphic 
  

   work 
  should 
  be 
  possible 
  at 
  such 
  places 
  as 
  Qinca-qinca 
  in 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  

   Valley 
  near 
  San 
  Geronimo. 
  Three 
  sites 
  have 
  been 
  listed 
  where 
  the 
  

   Early 
  Inca 
  material 
  is 
  found 
  pure; 
  one 
  of 
  them 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  area 
  within 
  

   the 
  Late 
  Inca 
  fortress 
  of 
  Sacsahuaman, 
  obviously 
  unconnected 
  with 
  

   the 
  better-known 
  later 
  fortifications, 
  and 
  here 
  the 
  only 
  excavations 
  in 
  

   Early 
  Inca 
  rubbish 
  have 
  been 
  made. 
  Metal 
  is 
  rare, 
  and 
  bone 
  tools 
  

   common; 
  wall 
  foundations 
  are 
  of 
  uncut 
  field 
  stones; 
  burial 
  was 
  

   generally 
  in 
  small 
  beehive-shaped 
  masonry 
  tombs 
  built 
  in 
  cracks 
  in 
  

   the 
  sandstone 
  cliffs 
  and 
  roofed 
  with 
  crude 
  corbel 
  vaults. 
  The 
  bodies 
  

   were 
  wrapped 
  in 
  cloth 
  and 
  matting 
  to 
  hold 
  them 
  in 
  the 
  seated 
  flexed 
  

   position 
  used 
  in 
  all 
  periods 
  at 
  Cuzco. 
  An 
  important 
  diagnostic 
  trait 
  

   of 
  this 
  period 
  is 
  a 
  stubby 
  ground-slate 
  knife 
  with 
  a 
  straight 
  cutting 
  

   edge, 
  a 
  curved 
  back, 
  and 
  one 
  end 
  notched 
  for 
  lashing 
  to 
  a 
  wooden 
  

   handle. 
  

  

  Early 
  Inca 
  pottery 
  is 
  classified 
  as 
  the 
  Killke 
  Series, 
  from 
  a 
  site 
  near 
  

   Cuzco 
  where 
  I 
  first 
  noted 
  its 
  separate 
  character. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  carelessly 
  

   executed 
  ware, 
  with 
  a 
  well-smoothed 
  surface 
  for 
  the 
  decoration, 
  

   painted 
  in 
  black, 
  red 
  and 
  black, 
  or 
  red, 
  black, 
  and 
  white 
  on 
  the 
  natural 
  

   buff 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  clay, 
  or 
  in 
  black 
  or 
  red 
  and 
  black 
  on 
  a 
  white 
  back- 
  

   ground. 
  The 
  designs 
  are 
  linear 
  and 
  entirely 
  geometric; 
  they 
  display 
  

   some 
  relationship 
  to 
  the 
  presumably 
  contemporary 
  Collao 
  black-on- 
  

   red, 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  Department 
  of 
  Puno, 
  and 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  character- 
  

   istic 
  motives 
  used 
  by 
  Late 
  Inca 
  potters. 
  It 
  seems 
  probable 
  that 
  a 
  

   complete 
  transition 
  from 
  Early 
  to 
  Late 
  Inca 
  types 
  will 
  someday 
  be 
  

   traced, 
  and 
  such 
  a 
  transition 
  would 
  be 
  entirely 
  natural. 
  The 
  cooking 
  

  

  