﻿200 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  ware 
  is 
  very 
  rough, 
  decorated 
  only 
  with 
  occasional 
  round 
  punch 
  marks 
  

   on 
  the 
  handles 
  of 
  deep 
  plates. 
  The 
  shapes 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  in 
  this 
  

   period 
  resemble 
  those 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  next 
  period, 
  but 
  the 
  plates 
  are 
  

   deeper 
  (Rowe, 
  1944, 
  addenda). 
  

  

  Late 
  Inca 
  period. 
  — 
  The 
  Late 
  Inca 
  Period 
  lasted 
  from 
  c. 
  1438 
  to 
  

   the 
  arrival 
  of 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  and 
  perhaps 
  even 
  later 
  in 
  some 
  areas. 
  

   During 
  this 
  time, 
  the 
  Inca 
  spread 
  their 
  culture 
  by 
  conquest 
  through- 
  

   out 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Andean 
  area, 
  and 
  Late 
  Inca 
  material 
  is 
  

   abundant 
  at 
  many 
  sites 
  far 
  removed 
  from 
  Cuzco: 
  Chile, 
  Ecuador, 
  

   and 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  Coast. 
  Because 
  of 
  its 
  imposing 
  quality 
  and 
  wide 
  

   distribution, 
  the 
  Late 
  Inca 
  style 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  be 
  identified 
  

   in 
  Peruvian 
  archeology, 
  and 
  Late 
  Inca 
  material 
  is 
  fairly 
  common 
  in 
  

   collections 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  world. 
  

  

  Architecture 
  of 
  this 
  period 
  is 
  famous 
  for 
  the 
  fine 
  stone 
  cutting 
  

   employed 
  and 
  the 
  close 
  fitting 
  of 
  very 
  large 
  irregularly 
  polygonal 
  

   blocks. 
  Agricultural 
  terraces, 
  temples, 
  forts, 
  government 
  buildings, 
  

   storehouses, 
  roads, 
  and 
  carefully 
  laid 
  out 
  towns 
  are 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  

   neighborhood 
  of 
  Cuzco, 
  and 
  have 
  been 
  well 
  and 
  frequently 
  illustrated. 
  

   (See 
  Bingham, 
  1913, 
  1916, 
  1930; 
  Fejos, 
  1944; 
  Rowe, 
  1944.) 
  No 
  

   Late 
  Inca 
  burials 
  from 
  near 
  Cuzco 
  have 
  been 
  scientifically 
  excavated, 
  

   but 
  the 
  Bingham 
  expedition 
  dug 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  tombs 
  of 
  this 
  period 
  

   near 
  Machu 
  Picchu, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  bodies 
  were 
  placed 
  under 
  overhang- 
  

   ing 
  rocks 
  in 
  a 
  seated, 
  flexed 
  position, 
  and 
  surrounded 
  with 
  pottery, 
  

   stone, 
  and 
  copper 
  objects 
  (Eaton, 
  1916). 
  

  

  The 
  individual 
  objects 
  and 
  techniques 
  of 
  Late 
  Inca 
  material 
  culture 
  

   will 
  be 
  described 
  under 
  the 
  proper 
  headings 
  below. 
  In 
  the 
  textile 
  

   art 
  and 
  metallurgy, 
  the 
  Inca 
  craftsmen 
  surpassed 
  all 
  peoples 
  in 
  native 
  

   America. 
  Late 
  Inca 
  pottery 
  is 
  classified 
  as 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  Series, 
  and 
  its 
  

   forms 
  and 
  decorations 
  derive 
  from 
  the 
  preceding 
  period. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  

   hard, 
  almost 
  metallic 
  paste, 
  thicker 
  than 
  earlier 
  styles, 
  but 
  of 
  better 
  

   finish, 
  with 
  designs 
  in 
  black, 
  white, 
  and 
  red. 
  Occasionally, 
  the 
  red 
  

   is 
  used 
  for 
  a 
  background. 
  On 
  the 
  great 
  majority 
  of 
  Late 
  Inca 
  pieces, 
  

   the 
  same 
  geometric 
  designs 
  are 
  repeated 
  mechanically, 
  wdth 
  very 
  little 
  

   variation, 
  but 
  occasional 
  pieces 
  have 
  stylized 
  plant 
  or 
  human 
  figures 
  

   as 
  well. 
  Most 
  museum 
  collections 
  have 
  been 
  selected 
  for 
  variety, 
  and 
  

   contain 
  mostly 
  these 
  rare 
  " 
  naturalistic' 
  ' 
  patterns 
  or 
  other 
  unique 
  

   pieces, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  easy 
  for 
  anyone 
  who 
  does 
  not 
  handle 
  Inca 
  

   sherds 
  to 
  get 
  a 
  completely 
  false 
  impression 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  style. 
  (See 
  

   Rowe, 
  1944, 
  for 
  analysis 
  and 
  bibliography.) 
  

  

  Pottery 
  from 
  Cuzco 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  widely 
  used 
  throughout 
  

   the 
  Inca 
  Empire, 
  but 
  it 
  never 
  entirely 
  displaced 
  local 
  styles, 
  and 
  gen- 
  

   erally 
  only 
  served 
  as 
  a 
  convenient 
  source 
  for 
  borrowed 
  motives. 
  In 
  

   the 
  Department 
  of 
  Puno, 
  for 
  instance, 
  the 
  Colla 
  and 
  Lupaca 
  continued 
  

   to 
  make 
  their 
  own 
  distinctive 
  wares, 
  and 
  only 
  an 
  occasional 
  piece 
  

   betrays 
  its 
  date 
  by 
  a 
  motif 
  obviously 
  copied 
  from 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  Series. 
  

  

  