﻿Vol.2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  ROWE 
  201 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  is 
  true 
  in 
  the 
  Chimu 
  Kingdom 
  on 
  the 
  North 
  Coast. 
  The 
  

   Inca 
  were 
  sufficiently 
  impressed 
  by 
  the 
  Chimu 
  potters 
  to 
  bring 
  a 
  

   group 
  of 
  them 
  to 
  work 
  in 
  Cuzco, 
  and 
  we 
  have 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  their 
  prod- 
  

   ucts 
  (see 
  Eaton, 
  1916, 
  pi. 
  14), 
  but 
  the 
  foreign 
  styles 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  

   influenced 
  the 
  native 
  craftsmen 
  very 
  little. 
  

  

  The 
  sequence 
  of 
  cultures 
  described 
  for 
  Cuzco 
  rests 
  on 
  quite 
  con- 
  

   vincing 
  archeological 
  evidence. 
  At 
  Chanapata, 
  pure 
  Chanapata 
  

   type 
  refuse 
  was 
  covered 
  by 
  a 
  disturbed 
  layer 
  including 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  

   Early 
  and 
  Late 
  Inca 
  and 
  Colonial 
  pottery, 
  indicating 
  definitely 
  that 
  

   the 
  Chanapata 
  material 
  was 
  the 
  oldest. 
  The 
  Late 
  Inca 
  material 
  is 
  

   definitely 
  the 
  latest, 
  for 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  regions 
  which 
  were 
  only 
  con- 
  

   quered 
  by 
  the 
  Inca 
  toward 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  their 
  expansion, 
  such 
  as 
  High- 
  

   land 
  Ecuador 
  and 
  Chile; 
  and, 
  around 
  Cuzco, 
  it 
  is 
  associated 
  with 
  

   buildings 
  which 
  are 
  known 
  from 
  historical 
  evidence 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   built 
  by 
  the 
  last 
  Inca 
  Emperors. 
  The 
  Early 
  and 
  Late 
  Inca 
  materials 
  

   are 
  closely 
  related 
  stylistically, 
  and 
  the 
  known 
  associations 
  in 
  the 
  

   ground 
  (three 
  pure 
  Early 
  Inca 
  sites, 
  one 
  rubbish 
  pit 
  with 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  

   Early 
  and 
  Late 
  Inca 
  rubbish, 
  and 
  several 
  sites 
  with 
  surface 
  indica- 
  

   tions 
  of 
  both 
  styles) 
  bear 
  out 
  the 
  assumed 
  chronological 
  position 
  

   of 
  the 
  styles. 
  The 
  evidence 
  is 
  reviewed 
  in 
  more 
  detail 
  elsewhere 
  

   (Rowe, 
  1944). 
  

  

  HISTORY 
  OF 
  THE 
  ANDEAN 
  AREA 
  TO 
  1532 
  

  

  Archeological 
  discoveries 
  of 
  the 
  past 
  50 
  years 
  have 
  made 
  it 
  plain 
  

   that 
  civilization 
  is 
  very 
  old 
  in 
  the 
  Andean 
  area 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  cultures 
  

   which 
  the 
  Spanish 
  conquerors 
  found 
  and 
  described 
  were 
  the 
  end 
  

   product 
  of 
  long 
  local 
  development. 
  Unfortunately, 
  the 
  Andean 
  

   Indians 
  had 
  no 
  writing 
  and 
  little 
  interest 
  in 
  the 
  past, 
  so 
  that 
  most 
  of 
  

   the 
  history 
  of 
  Andean 
  culture 
  will 
  always 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  restored 
  from 
  

   archeological 
  evidence. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  doubt, 
  however, 
  that 
  far 
  more 
  

   historical 
  information 
  was 
  available 
  to 
  the 
  Spanish 
  writers 
  of 
  the 
  16th 
  

   century 
  than 
  has 
  come 
  down 
  to 
  us, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  their 
  eternal 
  discredit 
  

   that 
  more 
  of 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  committed 
  to 
  paper 
  before 
  it 
  was 
  destroyed 
  

   or 
  forgotten. 
  

  

  Historical 
  records 
  among 
  the 
  Indians 
  generally 
  took 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  

   genealogical 
  traditions, 
  narrative 
  poems, 
  and 
  statistics 
  preserved 
  by 
  

   the 
  quipu 
  (Quechua, 
  khipo), 
  or 
  knot-record. 
  They 
  were 
  explained 
  

   and 
  transmitted 
  from 
  father 
  to 
  son 
  by 
  trained 
  historians 
  who 
  had 
  

   memorized 
  them. 
  The 
  obvious 
  possibilities 
  of 
  this 
  method 
  of 
  pre- 
  

   serving 
  history 
  and 
  the 
  success 
  with 
  which 
  the 
  Inca 
  used 
  it, 
  entitle 
  its 
  

   results 
  to 
  receive 
  at 
  least 
  as 
  much 
  consideration 
  from 
  the 
  historian 
  as 
  

   the 
  much 
  more 
  uncritical 
  and 
  meager 
  chronicles 
  which 
  are 
  all 
  we 
  

   have 
  from 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  Old 
  World 
  users 
  of 
  writing, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  

   Chinese 
  and 
  the 
  Hindus. 
  (Cieza, 
  1880, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  chs. 
  11-12; 
  Sarmiento, 
  

   1906ych.^; 
  Morua, 
  1^922-25,^^.2,01), 
  15.) 
  

  

  