﻿208 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  lion 
  collapsed. 
  (Cieza, 
  1880, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  ch. 
  54-55; 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  ch. 
  

   50; 
  Pachacuti, 
  1879, 
  pp. 
  287-89; 
  Cobo, 
  1890-95; 
  Cabello, 
  ms.) 
  

  

  Topa 
  Inca 
  next 
  invaded 
  modern 
  Bolivia. 
  Cobo 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  great 
  

   conqueror 
  had 
  a 
  vision 
  of 
  himself 
  as 
  master 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  civilized 
  

   (Andean) 
  world, 
  and 
  vowed 
  not 
  to 
  stop 
  before 
  reaching 
  the 
  utter- 
  

   most 
  sea 
  (tiqsi-qoca) 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  12, 
  ch. 
  14). 
  He 
  conquered 
  the 
  

   whole 
  of 
  Highland 
  Bolivia, 
  and 
  invaded 
  Chile 
  through 
  Lipes 
  and 
  

   Atacama. 
  In 
  Chile, 
  he 
  penetrated 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  Maule 
  River 
  at 
  the 
  

   modern 
  town 
  of 
  Constitution, 
  where 
  he 
  set 
  up 
  the 
  boundary 
  markers 
  

   of 
  his 
  Empire. 
  The 
  Araucanians 
  who 
  lived 
  beyond 
  were 
  enemies 
  

   too 
  formidable 
  to 
  be 
  successfully 
  attacked 
  at 
  that 
  distance 
  from 
  the 
  

   Inca 
  capital, 
  and 
  their 
  wooded 
  country 
  was 
  probably 
  not 
  attractive 
  

   to 
  the 
  mountain 
  Indians 
  in 
  any 
  case. 
  Tucuman 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  

   Highlands 
  of 
  Northwest 
  Argentina 
  also 
  submitted 
  to 
  Topa 
  Inca. 
  

   (Cieza, 
  1880, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  ch. 
  60; 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  ch. 
  50; 
  Polo, 
  1917 
  b, 
  

   p. 
  116; 
  Cabello, 
  ms.; 
  Pachacuti, 
  1879, 
  p. 
  292.) 
  

  

  Topa 
  Inca 
  made 
  one 
  more 
  expedition 
  to 
  the 
  eastern 
  forests, 
  and 
  

   then 
  devoted 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  his 
  reign 
  to 
  organization. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  certain 
  

   which 
  aspects 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  administration 
  were 
  his 
  father's 
  ideas 
  and 
  

   which 
  Topa 
  Inca's, 
  but 
  Topa 
  Inca 
  had 
  the 
  job 
  of 
  applying 
  Inca 
  

   policies 
  to 
  the 
  largest 
  area 
  ever 
  united 
  under 
  one 
  government 
  in 
  

   aboriginal 
  America. 
  He 
  died 
  about 
  1493 
  after 
  a 
  successful 
  reign 
  of 
  

   22 
  years, 
  and 
  was 
  succeeded 
  by 
  his 
  son 
  Huayna 
  Capac. 
  

  

  Huayna 
  Capac 
  continued 
  his 
  father's 
  work 
  of 
  organization, 
  put 
  

   down 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  revolts, 
  and 
  widened 
  the 
  frontiers 
  of 
  the 
  Empire 
  

   in 
  the 
  north. 
  He 
  enlarged 
  the 
  Inca 
  province 
  of 
  Chachapoyas 
  and 
  

   added 
  Moyopampa. 
  North 
  of 
  Quito, 
  he 
  defeated 
  the 
  Cayambi 
  in 
  

   bitter 
  fighting, 
  and 
  set 
  up 
  his 
  boundary 
  markers 
  on 
  the 
  Ancasmayo 
  

   River, 
  at 
  the 
  modern 
  border 
  between 
  Ecuador 
  and 
  Colombia. 
  He 
  

   also 
  conquered 
  the 
  hot 
  Coast 
  around 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Guayaquil 
  and 
  the 
  

   large 
  Island 
  of 
  Puna. 
  During 
  his 
  reign, 
  the 
  Chiriguano 
  attacked 
  

   the 
  Empire 
  from 
  the 
  east 
  (see 
  Volume 
  3) 
  and 
  were 
  beaten 
  off 
  but 
  

   never 
  subjugated. 
  They 
  brought 
  with 
  them 
  Ale 
  jo 
  Garcia, 
  an 
  adven- 
  

   turous 
  Spaniard 
  from 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Brazil, 
  who 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  European 
  

   to 
  visit 
  the 
  Inca 
  Empire 
  (Means, 
  1935, 
  p. 
  41). 
  The 
  year 
  that 
  Huayna 
  

   Capac 
  died 
  (1527) 
  word 
  was 
  brought 
  to 
  him 
  that 
  Pizarro's 
  prelimi- 
  

   nary 
  exploring 
  expedition 
  had 
  touched 
  at 
  Tumbez. 
  (Cieza, 
  1880, 
  

   bk. 
  2, 
  chs. 
  62-68; 
  Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  12, 
  ch. 
  16; 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  

   chs. 
  58-62; 
  Cabello, 
  ms.; 
  Polo, 
  1917 
  b, 
  p. 
  114; 
  Pachacuti, 
  1879, 
  pp. 
  

   300-307.) 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  5 
  years 
  between 
  Huayna 
  Capac's 
  death 
  and 
  Pizarro's 
  invasion 
  

   of 
  the 
  Empire, 
  the 
  Inca 
  state 
  was 
  wracked 
  by 
  civil 
  war. 
  Huayna 
  

   Capac 
  died 
  at 
  Quito 
  of 
  a 
  sudden 
  pestilence 
  without 
  having 
  announced 
  

   his 
  successor. 
  Huascar, 
  the 
  obvious 
  candidate, 
  was 
  at 
  Cuzco, 
  where 
  

   he 
  was 
  crowned 
  by 
  the 
  High 
  Priest. 
  Atahuallpa, 
  another 
  son 
  of 
  

  

  