﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  209 
  

  

  Huayna 
  Capac, 
  assumed 
  the 
  governorship 
  of 
  Quito 
  and, 
  feeling 
  ill- 
  

   treated 
  by 
  Huascar, 
  revolted. 
  Huascar 
  asserted 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  the 
  

   legal 
  heir 
  and 
  that 
  Atahuallpa's 
  position 
  was 
  entirely 
  assumed. 
  

   Atahuallpa's 
  claims 
  grew 
  with 
  success. 
  He 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  originally 
  

   claimed 
  only 
  the 
  governorship 
  of 
  Quito 
  in 
  Huascar's 
  name, 
  but 
  

   later 
  he 
  asserted 
  that 
  Huayna 
  Capac 
  had 
  divided 
  the 
  Empire 
  and 
  

   left 
  him 
  as 
  independent 
  sovereign 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  part. 
  The 
  rivalry 
  

   was 
  decided 
  by 
  force 
  of 
  arms, 
  with 
  Atahuallpa 
  completely 
  victorious. 
  

  

  When 
  hostilities 
  opened, 
  Huascar 
  possessed 
  the 
  Empire 
  north 
  to 
  

   the 
  province 
  of 
  the 
  Canari, 
  where 
  he 
  had 
  a 
  general 
  named 
  Atoc 
  

   (Atoq, 
  "fox") 
  with 
  a 
  small 
  force. 
  Atahuallpa 
  controlled 
  only 
  the 
  

   northern 
  half 
  of 
  modern 
  Ecuador, 
  but 
  had 
  most 
  of 
  Huayna 
  Capac's 
  

   seasoned 
  army, 
  which 
  had 
  remained 
  at 
  Quito, 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  best 
  gen- 
  

   erals 
  in 
  the 
  Empire, 
  Quisquis 
  and 
  Challcuchima. 
  The 
  fighting 
  was 
  

   precipitated 
  by 
  the 
  intrigues 
  of 
  the 
  chief 
  of 
  the 
  Canari, 
  and 
  Atahuallpa 
  

   ravaged 
  that 
  unhappy 
  province 
  to 
  punish 
  him 
  for 
  his 
  double 
  dealings. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  a 
  mistake 
  to 
  think 
  of 
  Atahuallpa's 
  revolt 
  as 
  a 
  national 
  move- 
  

   ment 
  on 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Quito 
  or 
  of 
  any 
  combination 
  of 
  Ecuadorean 
  

   tribes, 
  although 
  the 
  natives 
  undoubtedly 
  hoped 
  to 
  profit 
  from 
  Ata- 
  

   huallpa's 
  victory. 
  The 
  strength 
  of 
  Atahuallpa's 
  cause 
  lay 
  in 
  the 
  Inca 
  

   colonists 
  of 
  Quito 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  superb 
  army 
  which 
  Huayna 
  Capac's 
  

   sudden 
  death 
  had 
  left 
  under 
  his 
  command. 
  As 
  the 
  Empire 
  had 
  

   grown 
  very 
  large, 
  and 
  perhaps 
  unwieldly, 
  an 
  argument 
  could 
  certainly 
  

   have 
  been 
  made 
  for 
  dividing 
  it, 
  but 
  Huayna 
  Capac's 
  reign 
  of 
  34 
  years 
  

   had 
  shown 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  impossible 
  to 
  administer 
  such 
  a 
  wide 
  

   territory 
  from 
  a 
  single 
  capital. 
  The 
  imperial 
  succession 
  had 
  occa- 
  

   sioned 
  revolts 
  before, 
  and 
  Atahuallpa's 
  was 
  not 
  very 
  different. 
  As 
  

   soon 
  as 
  he 
  saw 
  some 
  prospect 
  of 
  success, 
  he 
  set 
  out 
  to 
  make 
  himself 
  

   Emperor 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  Inca 
  territory 
  and 
  dropped 
  all 
  thought 
  of 
  a 
  

   separate 
  monarchy 
  in 
  Quito. 
  If 
  Pizarro 
  had 
  arrived 
  a 
  year 
  later, 
  he 
  

   would 
  have 
  found 
  Atahuallpa 
  in 
  full 
  possession 
  of 
  all 
  of 
  Huayna 
  

   Capac's 
  power, 
  Huascar's 
  cause 
  forgotten, 
  and 
  a 
  political 
  situation 
  

   much 
  less 
  favorable 
  to 
  outside 
  interference 
  than 
  he 
  found 
  in 
  1532. 
  

  

  The 
  war 
  was 
  decided 
  in 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  battles 
  beginning 
  near 
  Quito 
  and 
  

   ending 
  with 
  a 
  great 
  encounter 
  near 
  the 
  Apurimac 
  River 
  on 
  the 
  ap- 
  

   proaches 
  to 
  Cuzco 
  from 
  the 
  north. 
  Quisquis 
  and 
  Challcuchima 
  were 
  

   consistently 
  victorious, 
  and 
  gathered 
  strength 
  as 
  they 
  went. 
  In 
  the 
  

   final 
  battle, 
  Huascar 
  was 
  captured, 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  generals 
  destroyed 
  

   all 
  the 
  leaders 
  of 
  his 
  party 
  that 
  they 
  could 
  find 
  in 
  Cuzco. 
  The 
  news 
  

   of 
  this 
  victory 
  reached 
  Atahuallpa 
  in 
  Cajamarca 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  

   that 
  Pizarro 
  did. 
  3 
  

  

  3 
  Cieza, 
  1880, 
  bk. 
  2; 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906; 
  Cabello, 
  ms.; 
  Pachaeuti, 
  1879; 
  Las 
  Casas, 
  1892; 
  Cobo, 
  1890-95; 
  and 
  

   Toledo, 
  1940, 
  are 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  sources 
  on 
  the 
  civil 
  war. 
  The 
  bibliography 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  is 
  

   enormous, 
  and 
  full 
  of 
  contradictions. 
  The 
  later 
  accounts 
  should 
  be 
  checked 
  by 
  the 
  chroniclers 
  of 
  the 
  Con- 
  

   quest: 
  Xerez, 
  Estete, 
  Anonymous 
  Conqueror, 
  and 
  others. 
  Sarmiento's 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  war 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  

   based 
  on 
  a 
  Quechua 
  narrative 
  poem, 
  and 
  is 
  probably 
  close 
  to 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  Indian 
  versions. 
  Cabello's 
  account 
  

   is 
  especially 
  important, 
  as 
  he 
  collected 
  independent 
  testimony 
  in 
  Quito 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  coast. 
  

  

  