﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  ROWE 
  217 
  

  

  Tinamov 
  and 
  dove 
  eggs 
  were 
  used 
  in 
  witchcraft, 
  but 
  were 
  not 
  im- 
  

   portant 
  as 
  food. 
  One 
  insect 
  was 
  eaten 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage 
  (wayt'- 
  

   ampo). 
  It 
  is 
  found 
  under 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  the 
  chachacomo 
  tree, 
  and 
  was 
  

   roasted 
  as 
  a 
  delicacy 
  (Yacovleff 
  and 
  Herrera, 
  1934-35, 
  p. 
  36). 
  

  

  Salt 
  is 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  neighborhood 
  of 
  Cuzco, 
  and 
  was 
  recovered 
  

   by 
  evaporation 
  from 
  saline 
  rivers. 
  A 
  number 
  of 
  edible 
  clays 
  were 
  

   collected 
  and 
  traded 
  rather 
  widely 
  in 
  the 
  southern 
  Highlands. 
  5 
  

  

  Hunting. 
  — 
  Hunting 
  was 
  of 
  minor 
  importance. 
  In 
  Inca 
  times, 
  it 
  

   was 
  strictly 
  regulated. 
  Two 
  kinds 
  of 
  deer 
  (loyco 
  and 
  takoka) 
  and 
  

   the 
  guanaco 
  were 
  taken 
  for 
  their 
  meat. 
  The 
  viscacha, 
  a 
  large 
  rodent, 
  

   provided 
  meat 
  and 
  hair, 
  which 
  was 
  mixed 
  with 
  other 
  fibers 
  in 
  tex- 
  

   tiles 
  (Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  8, 
  ch. 
  17). 
  Vicunas 
  were 
  always 
  

   taken 
  alive 
  and 
  shorn, 
  as 
  they 
  were 
  more 
  valuable 
  for 
  their 
  fine 
  fleece 
  

   than 
  as 
  meat. 
  Foxes 
  (atoq), 
  pumas, 
  and 
  bears 
  were 
  killed 
  as 
  nusi- 
  

   ances. 
  Birds 
  were 
  taken 
  chiefly 
  for 
  their 
  feathers, 
  and 
  were 
  used 
  in 
  

   the 
  war 
  sacrifice. 
  (See 
  Warfare, 
  p. 
  280.) 
  

  

  The 
  chief 
  hunting 
  weapons 
  were 
  slings 
  (warak'a), 
  small 
  bolas 
  (riwi 
  

   or 
  aylyo; 
  Poma, 
  1936, 
  p. 
  205) 
  (fig. 
  26, 
  6), 
  a 
  rectangular 
  net 
  on 
  two 
  

   poles 
  (fig. 
  26, 
  a), 
  used 
  for 
  catching 
  birds 
  (Poma, 
  1936, 
  p. 
  204; 
  Gar- 
  

   cilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  8, 
  ch. 
  13), 
  snares 
  and 
  nooses 
  (Gonzalez, 
  1608, 
  

   under 
  *ppita 
  and 
  *toklla; 
  Poma, 
  1936, 
  p. 
  207), 
  and 
  clubs, 
  which 
  were 
  

   used 
  in 
  killing 
  animals 
  brought 
  to 
  bay 
  by 
  the 
  surround. 
  Dogs 
  were 
  

   not 
  used 
  for 
  hunting 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  16). 
  

  

  Under 
  the 
  Inca 
  Empire, 
  all 
  game 
  was 
  preserved, 
  and 
  the 
  wild 
  

   country 
  where 
  hunting 
  was 
  good 
  was 
  closed 
  to 
  the 
  Emperor's 
  subjects 
  

   except 
  on 
  special 
  occasions. 
  Periodically, 
  the 
  Emperor 
  or 
  his 
  governor 
  

   staged 
  a 
  great 
  public 
  hunt 
  (cako) 
  to 
  thin 
  out 
  the 
  game 
  in 
  the 
  preserve, 
  

   make 
  sport 
  for 
  the 
  nobility, 
  amuse 
  the 
  people, 
  and 
  increase 
  the 
  meat 
  

   supply. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  imperial 
  hunts 
  was 
  held 
  by 
  Manco 
  Inca 
  near 
  

   the 
  valley 
  of 
  Jauja 
  in 
  Francisco 
  Pizarro's 
  honor, 
  before 
  1536, 
  and 
  the 
  

   numerous 
  descriptions 
  of 
  the 
  hunt 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  chroniclers 
  are 
  probably 
  

   based 
  on 
  what 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  saw 
  on 
  that 
  occasion. 
  Some 
  10,000 
  

   Indians 
  formed 
  a 
  ring 
  around 
  a 
  space 
  some 
  30 
  to 
  60 
  miles 
  (50 
  to 
  100 
  

   km.) 
  in 
  circumference, 
  with 
  a 
  space 
  between 
  the 
  beaters. 
  They 
  

   closed 
  toward 
  the 
  center, 
  forming 
  several 
  concentric 
  rings 
  as 
  their 
  

   circle 
  grew 
  smaller, 
  and 
  drove 
  all 
  the 
  animals 
  in 
  the 
  area 
  before 
  them. 
  

   When 
  the 
  circle 
  was 
  small 
  enough, 
  designated 
  hunters 
  entered 
  it 
  and 
  

   killed 
  as 
  many 
  animals 
  as 
  was 
  desired; 
  in 
  this 
  case 
  over 
  11,000. 
  The 
  

   rest 
  were 
  set 
  free. 
  The 
  meat 
  taken 
  was 
  sun-dried 
  to 
  preserve 
  it. 
  

   (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  16; 
  Cieza, 
  1880, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  ch. 
  16; 
  Garcilaso, 
  

   1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  6, 
  ch. 
  6.) 
  Another 
  technique 
  (*caycu) 
  was 
  used 
  to 
  

   surround 
  vicunas 
  and 
  guanacos: 
  fences 
  were 
  so 
  built 
  that 
  the 
  animals 
  

   could 
  be 
  driven 
  into 
  a 
  narrow 
  gorge 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  16). 
  

  

  * 
  Except 
  as 
  otherwise 
  indicated, 
  this 
  section 
  is 
  a 
  reconstruction 
  based 
  on 
  present 
  practices, 
  the 
  pre-Colum- 
  

   bian 
  antiquity 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  almost 
  certain, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  silence 
  of 
  the 
  chroniclers. 
  The 
  modern 
  customs 
  

   were 
  recorded 
  by 
  me 
  from 
  informants 
  in 
  Cuzco 
  in 
  August 
  and 
  September 
  1943. 
  

  

  