﻿Vol.2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  ROWE 
  223 
  

  

  describes 
  round 
  houses 
  he 
  saw 
  in 
  Aymara 
  territory 
  (1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  

   ch. 
  3), 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  still 
  built. 
  A 
  round 
  building, 
  not 
  a 
  private 
  

   house, 
  is 
  illustrated 
  by 
  Squier 
  from 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  area. 
  It 
  stands 
  on 
  

   the 
  Hacienda 
  Urco, 
  near 
  Calca, 
  and 
  apparently 
  forms 
  part 
  of 
  an 
  

   ancient 
  shrine 
  (Squier, 
  1877, 
  pp. 
  517-519). 
  Garcilaso 
  mentions 
  a 
  

   round 
  "tower" 
  in 
  the 
  Great 
  Square 
  at 
  Cuzco 
  (1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  7, 
  ch. 
  

   10), 
  and 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  structures 
  inside 
  the 
  Fortress 
  of 
  Sacsahuaman 
  has 
  

   a 
  circular 
  plan. 
  

  

  Inca 
  houses 
  were 
  usually 
  built 
  in 
  groups, 
  each 
  group 
  surrounded 
  

   by 
  a 
  wall 
  with 
  only 
  one 
  entrance. 
  The 
  enclosures 
  are 
  usually 
  rectan- 
  

   gular 
  were 
  the 
  topography 
  permits, 
  but 
  were 
  carefully 
  accommodated 
  

   to 
  the 
  available 
  space 
  in 
  hillside 
  settlements 
  like 
  Machu 
  Picchu 
  or 
  

   Sayaq 
  Marka 
  (Bingham, 
  1930; 
  Fejos, 
  1944). 
  The 
  ideal 
  plan 
  is 
  

   probably 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  village 
  at 
  Ollantaytambo 
  (Squier, 
  1877, 
  

   p. 
  504). 
  Up 
  to 
  six 
  rectangular 
  houses 
  were 
  arranged 
  around 
  the 
  

   sides 
  of 
  the 
  enclosure 
  facing 
  an 
  open 
  court 
  in 
  the 
  center; 
  the 
  corners 
  

   were 
  often 
  utilized 
  for 
  storage 
  or 
  cooking, 
  and 
  probably 
  were 
  roofed 
  

   in 
  some 
  cases 
  (Phuyupata 
  Marka, 
  for 
  instance; 
  see 
  Fejos, 
  1944). 
  

   This 
  type 
  of 
  house 
  enclosure 
  or 
  compound 
  (kanca) 
  was 
  probably 
  

   inhabited 
  by 
  an 
  extended 
  family. 
  (See 
  Social 
  Organization, 
  p. 
  249, 
  

   and, 
  The 
  Aymara, 
  p. 
  543.) 
  The 
  individual 
  houses 
  were 
  called 
  wasi. 
  

  

  The 
  enclosure 
  walls 
  of 
  Inca 
  house 
  compounds 
  were 
  often 
  of 
  field 
  

   stone 
  or 
  adobe, 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  valley 
  bottoms 
  the 
  most 
  common 
  wall 
  and 
  

   fence 
  material 
  is 
  sod 
  blocks. 
  The 
  sod 
  is 
  cut 
  into 
  square 
  blocks, 
  per- 
  

   haps 
  16 
  inches 
  (40 
  cm.) 
  across, 
  and 
  laid 
  in 
  rows 
  with 
  the 
  roots 
  up. 
  

   It 
  weathers 
  in 
  such 
  a 
  way 
  as 
  to 
  resemble 
  stone 
  blocks 
  from 
  a 
  little 
  

   distance. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  sod 
  in 
  walls 
  is 
  certainly 
  ancient. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  permanent 
  houses, 
  the 
  Inca 
  built 
  small 
  pole 
  and 
  

   grass 
  shelters, 
  especially 
  as 
  guard 
  houses 
  in 
  the 
  fields. 
  Such 
  small 
  

   huts, 
  still 
  built 
  by 
  the 
  Quechua, 
  are 
  supported 
  by 
  a 
  steep 
  tripod 
  frame 
  

   of 
  poles; 
  they 
  are 
  very 
  carelessly 
  constructed. 
  Tents 
  were 
  used 
  by 
  

   the 
  Inca 
  armies, 
  but 
  we 
  have 
  no 
  details 
  as 
  to 
  their 
  appearance. 
  The 
  

   Inca 
  may 
  have 
  learned 
  their 
  use 
  from 
  the 
  Indians 
  of 
  the 
  Coast. 
  

   (Xerez, 
  1917, 
  p. 
  53; 
  Anonymous 
  Conqueror, 
  1929, 
  f. 
  3; 
  Gonzalez, 
  

   1608, 
  under 
  *carppa.) 
  

  

  Highland 
  houses 
  generally 
  had 
  one 
  low 
  doorway, 
  which 
  was 
  closed 
  

   only 
  by 
  a 
  drape 
  held 
  in 
  place 
  with 
  a 
  stone 
  when 
  the 
  owner 
  was 
  absent. 
  

   Windows 
  were 
  rare 
  and 
  small, 
  and 
  no 
  chimneys 
  or 
  smoke 
  holes 
  were 
  

   provided, 
  so 
  that 
  house 
  interiors 
  were 
  dark 
  and 
  smoky. 
  As 
  the 
  Indi- 
  

   ans 
  spent 
  most 
  of 
  their 
  waking 
  hours 
  outdoors, 
  however, 
  they 
  had 
  

   little 
  interest 
  in 
  making 
  their 
  houses 
  more 
  comfortable 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  

   bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  3). 
  

  

  Household 
  furniture.— 
  Furniture 
  was 
  likewise 
  scanty. 
  The 
  stove 
  

   was 
  a 
  low 
  clay 
  affair, 
  with 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  holes 
  in 
  the 
  top 
  where 
  the 
  

   pots 
  could 
  be 
  set, 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  stoking 
  hole 
  in 
  the 
  front. 
  To 
  econo- 
  

  

  595682 
  — 
  46 
  17 
  

  

  