﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  ROWE 
  245 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  important 
  of 
  these 
  articles 
  was 
  the 
  wooden 
  cup 
  or 
  kero 
  

   (qiro), 
  so 
  that 
  professional 
  woodworkers 
  were 
  called 
  qiro-kamayoq, 
  

   "cup 
  specialists'' 
  (RGI, 
  1881-97, 
  1: 
  97; 
  Falc6n, 
  1918, 
  pp. 
  149-151). 
  

  

  Cups. 
  — 
  Wooden 
  cups 
  held 
  }i 
  to 
  2 
  quarts 
  and 
  were 
  shaped 
  like 
  our 
  

   tumblers, 
  somewhat 
  wider 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  than 
  at 
  the 
  base; 
  some 
  had 
  

   slightly 
  concave 
  profiles 
  (pi. 
  80, 
  bottom, 
  left). 
  The 
  sides 
  were 
  about 
  

   ){ 
  to 
  1 
  inch 
  (1 
  to 
  2 
  cm.) 
  thick; 
  the 
  largest, 
  nearly 
  16 
  inches 
  (40 
  cm.) 
  

   high. 
  Some 
  are 
  carved 
  in 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  a 
  puma 
  or 
  jaguar's 
  head 
  

   (pi. 
  80, 
  bottom, 
  right), 
  and 
  others 
  in 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  a 
  man's. 
  Eare 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  have 
  carved 
  handles 
  or 
  elaborate 
  bases, 
  but 
  the 
  majority 
  have 
  

   simple 
  tumbler 
  shapes. 
  Some 
  have 
  geometric 
  patterns 
  of 
  lines 
  cut 
  

   into 
  the 
  wood, 
  usually 
  arranged 
  in 
  zones; 
  others 
  have 
  lead 
  inlay 
  made 
  

   by 
  pricking 
  a 
  pattern 
  of 
  small 
  holes 
  and 
  filling 
  them 
  with 
  lead. 
  The 
  

   majority 
  are 
  inlaid 
  with 
  true 
  lacquer, 
  which 
  Nordenskiold 
  first 
  identi- 
  

   fied 
  (1931 
  a, 
  pp. 
  95-100). 
  The 
  designs 
  were 
  cut 
  into 
  the 
  surface 
  in 
  

   low 
  intaglio, 
  and 
  the 
  hollows 
  filled 
  with 
  several 
  colors 
  of 
  lacquer 
  

   fastened 
  in 
  by 
  a 
  vegetable 
  gum. 
  The 
  technique 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   borrowed 
  by 
  the 
  Inca 
  from 
  the 
  South 
  Coast, 
  where 
  it 
  was 
  used 
  to 
  

   decorate 
  wooden 
  "paddles." 
  Nordenskiold 
  illustrates 
  a 
  lacquerer's 
  

   kit 
  of 
  colors 
  from 
  a 
  Coast 
  grave. 
  

  

  Inca 
  style 
  wooden 
  cups 
  continued 
  to 
  be 
  made 
  until 
  well 
  along 
  in 
  the 
  

   Colonial 
  Period, 
  probably 
  sometime 
  in 
  the 
  18th 
  century, 
  and 
  the 
  later 
  

   ones 
  have 
  representations 
  of 
  Europeans 
  and 
  Indians 
  in 
  Hispanicized 
  

   dress. 
  The 
  designs 
  on 
  the 
  cups 
  are 
  superb, 
  showing 
  battle 
  scenes, 
  

   hunting, 
  expeditions 
  to 
  the 
  eastern 
  forests, 
  dances 
  and 
  festivals, 
  

   plants, 
  animals, 
  heraldic 
  motives, 
  historical 
  scenes, 
  Inca 
  and 
  Colonial 
  

   costume, 
  and 
  nearly 
  every 
  aspect 
  of 
  Indian 
  life. 
  The 
  drawing 
  is 
  

   lively 
  and 
  competent, 
  the 
  colors 
  vivid. 
  No 
  greater 
  service 
  could 
  be 
  

   done 
  to 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  Inca 
  and 
  Colonial 
  life 
  than 
  to 
  publish 
  an 
  illustrated 
  

   study 
  of 
  the 
  lacquered 
  cups 
  now 
  in 
  museums 
  and 
  private 
  collections. 
  

   The 
  designs 
  are 
  among 
  the 
  finest 
  products 
  of 
  Inca 
  art, 
  and 
  are 
  worthy 
  

   of 
  comparison 
  with 
  the 
  best 
  work 
  of 
  the 
  Mexican 
  codices. 
  (See 
  Cobo, 
  

   1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  4; 
  Gonzalez, 
  1608, 
  p. 
  304; 
  Musee 
  d'Ethnographie 
  

   du 
  Trocadero, 
  1933, 
  pis. 
  1-5.) 
  

  

  Spoons. 
  —Inca 
  spoons 
  were 
  made 
  of 
  wood 
  and 
  occasionally 
  of 
  bone 
  

   or 
  copper. 
  They 
  had 
  a 
  shallow 
  bowl 
  and 
  a 
  perfectly 
  straight 
  handle. 
  

   Although 
  not 
  common 
  collection 
  pieces, 
  quite 
  a 
  variety 
  exist. 
  The 
  

   University 
  Museum 
  at 
  Cuzco 
  has 
  a 
  good 
  collection 
  (Valcarcel, 
  1935 
  b, 
  

   p. 
  191). 
  For 
  stools, 
  see 
  page 
  224. 
  

  

  Gourds. 
  —Gourds 
  were 
  used 
  to 
  a 
  limited 
  extent 
  for 
  measures 
  of 
  

   volume 
  and 
  as 
  substitutes 
  for 
  pottery. 
  The 
  Inca 
  got 
  them 
  by 
  trade 
  

   from 
  warmer 
  regions, 
  and 
  they 
  were 
  often 
  brightly 
  painted 
  (Cobo, 
  

   1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  chs. 
  4, 
  15). 
  

  

  Mining 
  and 
  metallurgy. 
  — 
  Spanish 
  ideas 
  influenced 
  Indian 
  mining 
  

   practice 
  probably 
  sooner 
  than 
  any 
  other 
  part 
  of 
  native 
  culture 
  be- 
  

  

  