﻿226 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  ruins 
  all 
  represent 
  the 
  styles 
  of 
  the 
  next 
  90 
  years, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  differences 
  

   in 
  ages 
  of 
  the 
  buildings 
  in 
  Cuzco 
  are 
  probably 
  not 
  very 
  great. 
  (See 
  

   Rowe, 
  1944.) 
  Differences 
  in 
  construction, 
  however, 
  show 
  high 
  cor- 
  

   relations 
  with 
  the 
  kind 
  of 
  stone 
  and 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  the 
  wall. 
  Three 
  

   kinds 
  of 
  stone 
  were 
  used 
  in 
  Cuzco: 
  (1) 
  Yucay 
  limestone, 
  a 
  hard 
  gray 
  

   stone 
  always 
  cut 
  into 
  polygonal 
  blocks 
  by 
  the 
  Inca 
  masons. 
  It 
  was 
  

   used 
  for 
  the 
  great 
  fortifications 
  of 
  Sacsahuaman, 
  but 
  elsewhere 
  chiefly 
  

   for 
  foundations 
  or 
  the 
  less 
  important 
  parts 
  of 
  enclosure 
  walls 
  and 
  

   terraces. 
  (2) 
  Sacsahuaman 
  diorite 
  porphyry, 
  a 
  green 
  stone 
  used 
  in 
  

   large 
  polygonal 
  blocks 
  for 
  enclosure 
  walls 
  where 
  unusual 
  solidity 
  was 
  

   desired 
  (Hatunrumiyoc, 
  where 
  the 
  outer 
  enclosure 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  retain- 
  

   ing 
  wall) 
  and 
  the 
  famous 
  corners 
  of 
  Ahuacpinta 
  and 
  Cabracancha, 
  

   where 
  only 
  the 
  corner 
  is 
  diorite. 
  (3) 
  A 
  black 
  andesite, 
  which 
  weathers 
  

   to 
  a 
  chocolate-brown 
  color. 
  The 
  nearest 
  outcrops 
  of 
  this 
  stone 
  are 
  at 
  

   Huaccoto, 
  some 
  9 
  miles 
  (15 
  km.) 
  from 
  Cuzco, 
  and 
  at 
  Rumicolca, 
  about 
  

   21 
  miles 
  (35 
  km.) 
  away. 
  It 
  was 
  usually 
  cut 
  into 
  rectangular 
  blocks, 
  

   sometimes 
  set 
  in 
  regular 
  courses, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  laid 
  up 
  irregularly, 
  

   and 
  was 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  finest 
  Inca 
  construction 
  (the 
  Temple 
  of 
  the 
  Sun 
  

   and 
  most 
  Inca 
  palaces) 
  . 
  9 
  

  

  Stones 
  too 
  big 
  to 
  be 
  carried 
  were 
  moved 
  on 
  rollers 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  

   wooden 
  pry 
  bars 
  and 
  large 
  crews 
  of 
  men 
  pulling 
  with 
  ropes. 
  10 
  The 
  

   blocks 
  were 
  raised 
  into 
  position 
  by 
  building 
  a 
  ramp 
  of 
  earth 
  and 
  stones 
  

   up 
  to 
  the 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  wall 
  and 
  running 
  the 
  blocks 
  up 
  on 
  their 
  rollers. 
  

   Cobo 
  saw 
  this 
  technique 
  used 
  by 
  Indian 
  workmen 
  employed 
  on 
  the 
  

   construction 
  of 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  cathedral 
  (1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  12), 
  and 
  a 
  

   half-finished 
  chullpa 
  at 
  Sillustani 
  in 
  Puno 
  has 
  such 
  a 
  ramp 
  still 
  in 
  place. 
  

   Although 
  built 
  in 
  Aymara 
  territory, 
  the 
  style 
  of 
  the 
  masonry 
  of 
  the 
  

   chullpa 
  is 
  Inca. 
  Protuberances 
  were 
  often 
  left 
  on 
  the 
  blocks 
  of 
  stone 
  

   to 
  provide 
  a 
  purchase 
  for 
  the 
  pry 
  bars, 
  and, 
  in 
  many 
  walls, 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   tuberances 
  were 
  never 
  removed. 
  They 
  were 
  probably 
  considered 
  

   decorative, 
  as 
  similar 
  ones 
  were 
  in 
  Greece 
  in 
  the 
  4th 
  century 
  B. 
  C. 
  

   The 
  protuberances 
  are 
  usually 
  near 
  the 
  bases 
  of 
  the 
  blocks. 
  (See, 
  for 
  

   instance, 
  Bingham, 
  1913, 
  p. 
  530.) 
  Many 
  stones 
  at 
  Sacsahuaman 
  have 
  

   indentations 
  instead 
  of 
  protuberances 
  at 
  the 
  base, 
  no 
  doubt 
  for 
  the 
  

   same 
  purpose. 
  (See 
  Bingham, 
  1916, 
  p. 
  436.) 
  

  

  One 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  striking 
  characteristics 
  of 
  Inca 
  masonry 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  

   edges 
  of 
  the 
  blocks 
  are 
  bevelled 
  back 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  joints 
  are 
  emphasized, 
  

   as 
  in 
  rusticated 
  construction 
  (pi. 
  83, 
  top, 
  left). 
  It 
  has 
  no 
  structural 
  

   purpose 
  and 
  is 
  purely 
  decorative 
  convention, 
  the 
  effect 
  being 
  to 
  break 
  

   up 
  the 
  surfaces 
  of 
  the 
  walls 
  into 
  patterns 
  of 
  light 
  and 
  shade. 
  The 
  

   depth 
  of 
  the 
  bevel 
  at 
  the 
  cracks 
  is 
  roughly 
  proportionate 
  to 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  

   the 
  blocks 
  of 
  stone. 
  The 
  joints 
  themselves 
  are 
  often 
  so 
  tight 
  and 
  true 
  

  

  9 
  See 
  Gregory, 
  1916. 
  Garcilaso's 
  statement 
  that 
  stone 
  for 
  the 
  fortress 
  of 
  Sacsahuaman 
  was 
  brought 
  a 
  long 
  

   distance 
  should 
  be 
  taken 
  to 
  refer 
  to 
  the 
  andesite 
  blocks 
  used 
  for 
  buildings 
  within 
  the 
  fortifications. 
  The 
  

   great 
  limestone 
  blocks 
  were 
  cut 
  in 
  situ 
  or 
  very 
  nearby 
  (Garcilaso, 
  1723,pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  7, 
  ch. 
  27). 
  

  

  10 
  Sr. 
  Luis 
  Llanos 
  informs 
  me 
  that 
  a 
  treasure 
  hunter 
  at 
  Ollantaytambo 
  dug 
  under 
  a 
  large 
  Inca 
  block 
  aban- 
  

   doned 
  between 
  the 
  quarry 
  and 
  the 
  site 
  and 
  found 
  remains 
  of 
  wooden 
  rollers. 
  

  

  