﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  233 
  

  

  The 
  Inca 
  maintained 
  a 
  pontoon 
  bridge 
  across 
  the 
  Desaguadero 
  

   River 
  near 
  Lake 
  Titicaca. 
  It 
  consisted 
  of 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  balsas 
  with 
  a 
  road 
  

   built 
  across 
  them 
  on 
  poles. 
  This 
  floating 
  bridge 
  was 
  in 
  use 
  until 
  mod- 
  

   ern 
  times 
  (Cieza, 
  1554, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  ch. 
  91; 
  Squier, 
  1877, 
  p. 
  309) 
  .| 
  

  

  Where 
  the 
  traffic 
  did 
  not 
  justify 
  a 
  bridge, 
  the 
  Inca 
  built 
  a 
  contriv- 
  

   ance 
  (oroya) 
  similar 
  to 
  our 
  breeches 
  buoy 
  for 
  transporting 
  passengers 
  

   and 
  goods. 
  A 
  large 
  basket 
  with 
  a 
  loop 
  handle 
  hung 
  from 
  a 
  single 
  

   straw 
  cable 
  stretched 
  between 
  two 
  masonry 
  pillars 
  on 
  opposite 
  sides 
  

   of 
  the 
  river. 
  The 
  basket 
  slid 
  along 
  the 
  cable 
  and 
  could 
  be 
  drawn 
  to 
  

   either 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  additional 
  ropes 
  tied 
  to 
  it. 
  Some- 
  

   times, 
  the 
  load 
  was 
  merely 
  tied 
  up 
  with 
  ropes 
  and 
  hung 
  from 
  a 
  wooden 
  

   hook 
  which 
  passed 
  over 
  the 
  main 
  cable 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch.13). 
  

  

  Guards 
  stationed 
  at 
  the 
  bridges 
  prevented 
  the 
  unauthorized 
  move- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  gold 
  and 
  silver 
  and 
  made 
  minor 
  repairs 
  when 
  necessary 
  (San- 
  

   cho, 
  1917, 
  ch. 
  6). 
  Xerez 
  and 
  Estete 
  both 
  speak 
  of 
  a 
  bridge 
  toll 
  paid 
  

   in 
  kind 
  by 
  travelers, 
  and 
  Xerez 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  guards 
  were 
  supposed 
  to 
  

   see 
  to 
  it 
  that 
  more 
  goods 
  were 
  not 
  removed 
  from 
  a 
  province 
  than 
  

   entered 
  it 
  (Xerez, 
  1917, 
  p. 
  32; 
  Estete, 
  1917, 
  p. 
  99). 
  Presumably, 
  the 
  

   guards 
  controlled 
  only 
  private 
  traffic, 
  and 
  the 
  regulations 
  were 
  prob- 
  

   ably 
  intended 
  to 
  discourage 
  travel 
  and 
  limit 
  private 
  commerce 
  rather 
  

   than 
  to 
  raise 
  revenue. 
  

  

  Waterworks. 
  — 
  The 
  Inca 
  expended 
  much 
  skill 
  on 
  irrigation 
  works 
  

   and 
  water-control 
  projects, 
  extensive 
  remains 
  of 
  which 
  survive 
  to 
  the 
  

   present 
  day. 
  Irrigation 
  ditches 
  often 
  ran 
  for 
  miles 
  along 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  a 
  

   valley 
  to 
  irrigate 
  a 
  comparatively 
  small 
  terraced 
  area. 
  Running 
  water 
  

   was 
  provided 
  in 
  many 
  Inca 
  sites 
  by 
  covered 
  stone 
  channels 
  running 
  

   under 
  ground 
  for 
  long 
  distances. 
  The 
  most 
  elaborate 
  piping 
  systems 
  

   of 
  this 
  kind 
  are 
  in 
  Sacsahuaman 
  at 
  Cuzco. 
  Garcilaso 
  describes 
  a 
  foun- 
  

   tain 
  in 
  the 
  Temple 
  of 
  the 
  Sun 
  at 
  Cuzco 
  which 
  was 
  supplied 
  by 
  a 
  pipe 
  

   which 
  ran 
  under 
  the 
  Huatanay 
  River, 
  and 
  climbed 
  the 
  steep 
  hill 
  to 
  the 
  

   Temple 
  (Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  ch. 
  23; 
  see 
  also 
  Squier, 
  1877, 
  

   p. 
  442) 
  . 
  The 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  for 
  this 
  fountain 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  at 
  

   some 
  altitude 
  to 
  provide 
  sufficient 
  pressure. 
  

  

  Many 
  Highland 
  rivers 
  were 
  canalized 
  and 
  their 
  courses 
  straightened. 
  

   Inca 
  retaining 
  walls 
  are 
  still 
  visible 
  at 
  many 
  places 
  along 
  the 
  Uru- 
  

   bamba 
  River, 
  notably 
  just 
  above 
  Ollantaytambo. 
  Bingham 
  illus- 
  

   trates 
  a 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  Pampacahuana 
  River, 
  the 
  channel 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  

   lined 
  with 
  Inca 
  walls 
  (Bingham, 
  1916, 
  p. 
  484). 
  The 
  Huatanay 
  and 
  

   Tullumayo 
  Rivers 
  in 
  Cuzco 
  were 
  canalized, 
  and 
  the 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  

   was 
  completely 
  paved 
  where 
  it 
  flowed 
  through 
  the 
  city 
  (Sancho, 
  1917, 
  

   ch. 
  17; 
  Estete, 
  1924, 
  p. 
  45). 
  

  

  DRESS 
  AND 
  ORNAMENTS 
  

  

  Inca 
  clothing 
  (fig. 
  26, 
  d) 
  was 
  originally 
  made 
  entirely 
  of 
  wool, 
  but 
  

   with 
  improved 
  communications 
  cotton 
  from 
  the 
  Coast 
  became 
  avail- 
  

  

  