﻿248 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  of 
  that 
  name 
  (Bandelier, 
  1910, 
  pis. 
  57, 
  58, 
  78). 
  Cups 
  shaped 
  like 
  

   the 
  wooden 
  ones 
  (qiro), 
  earplugs, 
  larger 
  statues, 
  and 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  orna- 
  

   ments 
  for 
  litters 
  and 
  costume 
  are 
  mentioned 
  by 
  the 
  chroniclers. 
  Cer- 
  

   tain 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  Temple 
  of 
  the 
  Sun 
  in 
  Cuzco 
  had 
  gold 
  bands 
  across 
  

   them 
  (Rowe, 
  1944 
  and 
  references). 
  Lists 
  of 
  gold 
  and 
  silver 
  objects 
  

   taken 
  by 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Conquest 
  give 
  an 
  

   excellent 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  variety 
  of 
  objects 
  made 
  and 
  the 
  ingenuity 
  of 
  the 
  

   Inca 
  craftsmen 
  (Lothrop, 
  1938). 
  

  

  Copper 
  and 
  bronze 
  were 
  used 
  occasionally 
  for 
  the 
  same 
  purposes; 
  

   figurines, 
  pins, 
  and 
  cups 
  of 
  these 
  metals 
  are 
  not 
  uncommon. 
  (See 
  

   Bandelier, 
  1910, 
  pis. 
  32, 
  66.) 
  More 
  commonly, 
  however, 
  they 
  were 
  

   used 
  for 
  tools 
  (pi. 
  78): 
  axes, 
  chisels, 
  knives, 
  crowbars, 
  bolas 
  weights, 
  

   war-club 
  heads, 
  mirrors, 
  tweezers, 
  needles, 
  and 
  bells. 
  A 
  great 
  va- 
  

   riety 
  of 
  these 
  implements 
  were 
  found 
  at 
  Machu 
  Picchu 
  (Bingham, 
  

   1930, 
  figs. 
  137-169). 
  The 
  axes 
  are 
  flat 
  with 
  two 
  ears 
  on 
  the 
  base 
  

   for 
  fastening 
  the 
  head 
  to 
  the 
  handle. 
  Knives 
  are 
  usually 
  of 
  the 
  type 
  

   called 
  tomi, 
  with 
  a 
  handle 
  perpendicular 
  to 
  the 
  blade 
  like 
  the 
  metal 
  

   part 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  our 
  chopping 
  knives. 
  

  

  Stoneworking. 
  — 
  Inca 
  methods 
  for 
  working 
  and 
  handling 
  building 
  

   stone 
  have 
  been 
  described 
  (p. 
  222 
  under 
  Architecture). 
  The 
  same 
  

   processes 
  (hammering 
  with 
  stone 
  hammers 
  and 
  polishing 
  with 
  sand 
  

   and 
  water) 
  were 
  used 
  to 
  produce 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  smaller 
  objects: 
  axes, 
  

   war-club 
  heads, 
  bolas 
  stones, 
  clod 
  crushers, 
  mortars 
  and 
  pestles, 
  

   mills, 
  ceremonial 
  dishes, 
  figurines, 
  and 
  amulets. 
  The 
  stone 
  axes 
  

   and 
  war-club 
  heads 
  are 
  shaped 
  as 
  nearly 
  like 
  the 
  metal 
  ones 
  as 
  the 
  

   material 
  permitted, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  tell 
  which 
  was 
  the 
  prototype 
  

   of 
  the 
  other. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  figurines 
  represent 
  llamas 
  or 
  alpacas, 
  and 
  

   have 
  a 
  cup-shaped 
  hollow 
  in 
  the 
  back 
  that 
  could 
  be 
  filled 
  with 
  llama 
  

   fat 
  or 
  coca 
  when 
  used 
  as 
  an 
  offering. 
  These 
  figurines 
  are 
  usually 
  of 
  

   stones 
  selected 
  for 
  their 
  fine 
  texture, 
  grain, 
  and 
  color, 
  and 
  the 
  work- 
  

   manship 
  and 
  artistic 
  feeling 
  is 
  very 
  fine. 
  The 
  University 
  Museum, 
  

   Cuzco, 
  has 
  a 
  large 
  collection. 
  (Valcarcel, 
  1935 
  c, 
  pp. 
  26-27; 
  see 
  also 
  

   Musee 
  d'Ethnographie 
  du 
  Trocadero, 
  1933, 
  pi. 
  15, 
  16.) 
  

  

  The 
  Inca 
  made 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  round 
  and 
  rectangular 
  stone 
  dishes, 
  

   (pi. 
  79, 
  g), 
  some 
  beautifully 
  finished 
  and 
  decorated 
  with 
  designs 
  in 
  

   relief 
  (Bingham, 
  1930, 
  figs. 
  187, 
  197-199). 
  These 
  were 
  probably 
  

   used 
  in 
  sacrifices, 
  perhaps 
  to 
  catch 
  the 
  blood 
  of 
  the 
  sacrificed 
  animal. 
  

   (Cf. 
  Mortia, 
  1922-25, 
  bk. 
  4, 
  ch. 
  2; 
  Poma, 
  1936, 
  p. 
  880.) 
  Stone 
  was 
  

   also 
  used 
  for 
  milling 
  stones 
  and 
  for 
  mortars 
  and 
  pestles 
  (p. 
  221). 
  

  

  Stone 
  chipping 
  was 
  not 
  extensively 
  practiced, 
  as 
  the 
  Inca 
  used 
  

   copper 
  and 
  bronze 
  for 
  most 
  cutting 
  tools. 
  Two 
  stone 
  blades, 
  ap- 
  

   parently 
  without 
  secondary 
  flaking, 
  were, 
  however, 
  found 
  at 
  Machu 
  

   Picchu 
  (Bingham, 
  1930, 
  figs. 
  206, 
  211), 
  and 
  Cobo 
  mentions 
  obsidian 
  

   knives 
  (1890-95, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  ch. 
  33). 
  Ground-slate 
  knives 
  with 
  a 
  straight 
  

   cutting 
  edge 
  and 
  a 
  curved 
  back 
  are 
  common 
  on 
  Early 
  Inca 
  sites 
  

  

  