﻿258 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  had 
  publicly 
  announced 
  his 
  heir, 
  and 
  named 
  Huascar 
  only 
  on 
  his 
  

   deathbed 
  under 
  rather 
  curious 
  circumstances 
  (Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  ch. 
  62). 
  

   Atahuallpa, 
  Huascar's 
  half-brother, 
  was 
  able 
  to 
  claim 
  that 
  their 
  father 
  

   had 
  divided 
  his 
  Empire 
  between 
  them, 
  and, 
  as 
  no 
  heir 
  had 
  been 
  publicly 
  

   designated 
  in 
  the 
  old 
  Emperor's 
  lifetime, 
  no 
  one 
  could 
  be 
  sure 
  of 
  the 
  

   rights 
  of 
  the 
  case. 
  

  

  The 
  Emperor 
  dressed 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  his 
  subjects, 
  but 
  his 
  clothing 
  

   was 
  of 
  especially 
  fine 
  quality, 
  made 
  for 
  his 
  use 
  by 
  the 
  mama-kona 
  

   (see 
  p. 
  269), 
  and 
  he 
  wore 
  certain 
  symbols 
  of 
  his 
  office. 
  His 
  hair 
  was 
  

   cut 
  short, 
  and 
  he 
  wore 
  very 
  large 
  earplugs. 
  His 
  simple 
  headdress, 
  

   the 
  focus 
  of 
  as 
  much 
  reverent 
  attention 
  as 
  any 
  crown 
  in 
  Europe, 
  

   consisted 
  of 
  a 
  many-colored 
  braid 
  (lyawt'o) 
  which 
  was 
  wound 
  four 
  

   or 
  five 
  times 
  around 
  his 
  head 
  and 
  supported 
  elaborate 
  forehead 
  orna- 
  

   ments, 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  a 
  fringe, 
  some 
  4 
  inches 
  (10 
  cm.) 
  

   wide, 
  of 
  red 
  tassels 
  hanging 
  from 
  little 
  gold 
  tubes. 
  The 
  fringe 
  was 
  

   sometimes 
  crowned 
  by 
  a 
  stick 
  about 
  6 
  inches 
  (15 
  cm.) 
  long 
  with 
  a 
  tas- 
  

   sel 
  pompon 
  on 
  the 
  end, 
  and 
  three 
  feathers 
  rising 
  from 
  the 
  pompon. 
  A 
  

   similar 
  but 
  larger 
  ornament 
  was 
  carried 
  on 
  a 
  lance. 
  Members 
  of 
  the 
  

   privileged 
  class 
  of 
  "big 
  ears" 
  (pakoyoq, 
  orejones) 
  were 
  permitted 
  to 
  

   wear 
  head 
  bands 
  and 
  fringes 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  Emperor's, 
  but 
  distin- 
  

   guished 
  by 
  their 
  color. 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  12, 
  ch. 
  36; 
  Garcilaso, 
  

   1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  chs. 
  22, 
  23; 
  Poma, 
  1936, 
  pp. 
  108, 
  242, 
  318; 
  Gonzalez, 
  

   1608; 
  Xerez, 
  1917, 
  p. 
  51; 
  Estete, 
  1924, 
  p. 
  27.) 
  

  

  The 
  Emperor 
  carried 
  a 
  mace, 
  with 
  a 
  golden 
  star-head 
  and 
  a 
  handle 
  

   about 
  23 
  inches 
  (60 
  cm.) 
  long; 
  attendants 
  carried 
  two 
  similar 
  maces 
  

   with 
  long 
  pole 
  handles, 
  as 
  a 
  color-guard 
  for 
  the 
  royal 
  standard. 
  (Cobo, 
  

   1890-95, 
  bk. 
  12, 
  ch. 
  36; 
  Toledo, 
  1940, 
  p. 
  113; 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  ch. 
  42.) 
  

   The 
  royal 
  standard 
  was 
  a 
  small 
  square 
  cotton 
  or 
  wool 
  pennant, 
  prob- 
  

   ably 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  16 
  inches 
  (40 
  cm.) 
  square. 
  It 
  was 
  painted 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  

   stand 
  out 
  stiffly 
  from 
  its 
  staff, 
  and 
  bore 
  the 
  arms 
  of 
  the 
  reigning 
  em- 
  

   peror. 
  The 
  ruler 
  sat 
  on 
  a 
  low 
  stool, 
  not 
  over 
  8 
  inches 
  (20 
  cm.) 
  high, 
  

   carved 
  of 
  red 
  wood 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  fine 
  cloth. 
  Placed 
  on 
  a 
  raised 
  

   platform 
  to 
  form 
  an 
  elaborate 
  judgment 
  seat, 
  the 
  whole 
  thing 
  was 
  

   called 
  osno 
  ? 
  "throne." 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  12, 
  ch. 
  36; 
  Poma, 
  1936, 
  

   pp. 
  14, 
  369/ 
  398; 
  Gonzalez 
  Holguin, 
  1608.) 
  

  

  The 
  Emperor 
  enjoyed 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  honorific 
  titles: 
  Sapa 
  inka, 
  

   "Unique 
  Inca"; 
  Qhapaq 
  apo, 
  "Emperor" 
  ;Intip 
  cori, 
  "Son 
  of 
  the 
  Sun"; 
  

   and 
  Wakca 
  khoyaq, 
  "Lover 
  of 
  the 
  Poor," 
  being 
  the 
  chief 
  ones 
  (Gar- 
  

   cilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  chs. 
  24, 
  26). 
  His 
  principal 
  wife 
  was 
  known 
  as 
  

   Qoya, 
  "Empress," 
  or 
  Mamancik, 
  "Our 
  Mother." 
  Young 
  male 
  mem- 
  

   bers 
  of 
  the 
  royal 
  ayllus 
  were 
  called 
  Awki, 
  "Prince"; 
  adult 
  ones, 
  I^ka; 
  

   unmarried 
  women, 
  Nyost'a, 
  "Princess"; 
  and 
  married 
  women, 
  Palya, 
  

   "Lady" 
  (Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  ch. 
  26; 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  ch. 
  29). 
  

  

  The 
  Imperial 
  office 
  was 
  attended 
  by 
  elaborate 
  custom 
  and 
  ritual. 
  

   The 
  Emperor 
  ate 
  sitting 
  on 
  a 
  stool, 
  with 
  the 
  food 
  in 
  fine 
  gold, 
  silver, 
  

  

  