﻿Tol.2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  261 
  

  

  blood, 
  and 
  a 
  larger 
  group 
  of 
  Incas 
  by 
  privilege 
  formed 
  by 
  Pachacuti. 
  

   This 
  great 
  organizer 
  found 
  the 
  small 
  group 
  of 
  Incas 
  by 
  blood 
  insuf- 
  

   ficient 
  as 
  an 
  instrument 
  of 
  administration, 
  and 
  he 
  extended 
  Inca 
  

   privileges 
  to 
  all 
  the 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  the 
  Empire 
  who 
  spoke 
  Qaechua 
  

   as 
  their 
  native 
  language 
  and 
  so 
  would 
  be 
  useful 
  in 
  his 
  program 
  for 
  

   the 
  linguistic 
  unification 
  of 
  his 
  dominions. 
  The 
  Incas 
  by 
  privilege 
  

   included 
  all 
  the 
  tribes 
  from 
  Quiquijana 
  in 
  the 
  Vilcanota 
  Valley 
  (the 
  

   Cavina) 
  to 
  Abancay 
  beyond 
  the 
  Apurimac 
  (the 
  Quechua): 
  Anta, 
  

   Tampo, 
  Quehuar, 
  Huaroc, 
  Quilliscache, 
  Lare, 
  Masca, 
  Aco, 
  Chillque, 
  

   Yanahuara, 
  Mayo, 
  Sanco 
  t 
  Equeco, 
  and 
  probably 
  others. 
  (Poma, 
  

   1936, 
  p. 
  337; 
  Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  1, 
  ch. 
  23; 
  Pachacuti, 
  1879, 
  

   p. 
  318.) 
  Many 
  of 
  them 
  were 
  settled 
  in 
  distant 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Empire 
  

   as 
  colonists, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  generally 
  called 
  simply 
  "Incas" 
  by 
  the 
  

   chroniclers. 
  Those 
  who 
  remained 
  near 
  Cuzco 
  were 
  organized 
  into 
  

   10 
  ayllus, 
  few 
  of 
  whose 
  names 
  correspond 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  tribes 
  (the 
  

   list 
  of 
  ayllus 
  is 
  given 
  in 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  ch. 
  11). 
  Five 
  of 
  these 
  ayllus 
  

   belonged 
  to 
  the 
  Upper 
  Cuzco 
  moiety 
  and 
  five 
  to 
  the 
  Lower. 
  All 
  

   members 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  class 
  were 
  entitled 
  to 
  wear 
  variants 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  

   band 
  and 
  braid 
  and 
  very 
  large 
  earplugs, 
  which 
  gave 
  them 
  the 
  nick- 
  

   name 
  of 
  pakoyoq 
  (literally, 
  "earplug 
  man"), 
  or 
  "orejones" 
  (big 
  ears). 
  

   They 
  formed 
  the 
  highest 
  nobility 
  and 
  filled 
  the 
  most 
  responsible 
  

   positions 
  in 
  the 
  Empire. 
  

  

  The 
  curaca 
  class, 
  or 
  lower 
  nobility, 
  included 
  all 
  administrative 
  

   officials 
  down 
  to 
  rulers 
  of 
  hundreds, 
  with 
  their 
  descendants. 
  For- 
  

   merly, 
  independent 
  rulers 
  who 
  had 
  been 
  conquered 
  by 
  the 
  Inca 
  were 
  

   admitted 
  to 
  this 
  class. 
  Their 
  title 
  was 
  koraka, 
  "official," 
  often 
  

   rendered 
  "cacique" 
  in 
  Spanish. 
  Both 
  classes 
  of 
  nobles 
  were 
  exempt 
  

   from 
  taxation 
  and 
  were 
  supported 
  by 
  the 
  income 
  from 
  the 
  govern- 
  

   ment 
  fields. 
  They 
  were 
  expected 
  to 
  make 
  presents 
  to 
  the 
  Emperor 
  

   when 
  visiting 
  him, 
  and 
  were 
  rewarded 
  for 
  outstanding 
  service 
  by 
  

   special 
  gifts, 
  such 
  as: 
  Secondary 
  wives 
  picked 
  from 
  among 
  the 
  

   Chosen 
  Women; 
  luxury 
  objects, 
  such 
  as 
  fine 
  cloth, 
  featherwork, 
  

   or 
  gold 
  and 
  silver 
  vessels, 
  of 
  the 
  sort 
  generally 
  reserved 
  for 
  the 
  Inca's 
  

   use; 
  yana-kona 
  service 
  (see 
  p. 
  268); 
  the 
  privilege 
  of 
  using 
  a 
  litter 
  

   or 
  parasol 
  or 
  otherwise 
  imitating 
  the 
  Emperor; 
  llamas; 
  or 
  land. 
  In 
  

   accordance 
  with 
  the 
  Inca 
  principle 
  that 
  land 
  belonged 
  to 
  a 
  kin-group 
  

   rather 
  than 
  to 
  an 
  individual, 
  these 
  special 
  land 
  grants 
  did 
  not 
  imply 
  

   proprietorship 
  in 
  the 
  modern 
  sense, 
  but 
  the 
  right 
  to 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  

   the 
  land. 
  The 
  recipient 
  could 
  not 
  dispose 
  of 
  the 
  land, 
  and, 
  after 
  his 
  

   death, 
  it 
  remained 
  the 
  inalienable 
  joint 
  property 
  of 
  his 
  descendants, 
  

   and 
  those 
  of 
  them 
  who 
  so 
  desired 
  worked 
  it 
  and 
  divided 
  the 
  products. 
  

   (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  12, 
  chs. 
  25, 
  27; 
  Acosta, 
  1940, 
  bk. 
  6, 
  ch. 
  15; 
  

   Anonymous 
  Discurso, 
  1906, 
  pp. 
  153-4; 
  Falc6n, 
  1918, 
  pp. 
  146-7; 
  

   RGI, 
  1881-97, 
  1: 
  98-9; 
  Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  5, 
  chs. 
  6, 
  15.) 
  

  

  