﻿Vol.2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  263 
  

  

  Rucana 
  and 
  Antamarka 
  (RGI, 
  1881-97, 
  1: 
  79-82, 
  179-80, 
  197-213). 
  

   The 
  Upper 
  Moiety 
  had 
  precedence 
  over 
  the 
  Lower 
  in 
  public 
  ceremo- 
  

   nies. 
  Representatives 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Moiety 
  sat 
  in 
  a 
  long 
  line 
  on 
  the 
  

   right 
  side, 
  while 
  the 
  men 
  of 
  the 
  Lower 
  Moiety 
  formed 
  a 
  line 
  opposite 
  

   them. 
  The 
  chief 
  of 
  the 
  Lower 
  Moiety 
  was 
  subordinate 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  

   the 
  upper 
  one. 
  These 
  divisions 
  were 
  also 
  rivals 
  in 
  war 
  and 
  religion 
  

   (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  5; 
  Matienzo, 
  1910, 
  ch. 
  6). 
  

  

  The 
  moieties 
  and 
  sections 
  in 
  turn 
  were 
  subdivided 
  into 
  ayllus 
  of 
  

   varying 
  number 
  and 
  size. 
  The 
  Rucana 
  section 
  of 
  Antamarka 
  con- 
  

   tained 
  4 
  ayllus 
  (RGI, 
  1881-97, 
  1: 
  198); 
  the 
  Upper 
  and 
  Lower 
  Moieties 
  

   of 
  Cuzco 
  contained 
  11 
  and 
  10 
  respectively. 
  While 
  most 
  adminis- 
  

   trative 
  ayllus 
  were 
  probably 
  merely 
  the 
  old 
  kin 
  groups 
  given 
  an 
  offi- 
  

   cial 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  state 
  structure, 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  Inca 
  re- 
  

   grouped 
  the 
  ayllus 
  and 
  even 
  created 
  new 
  ones 
  when 
  the 
  native 
  divi- 
  

   sions 
  were 
  too 
  small 
  or 
  otherwise 
  not 
  adapted 
  to 
  the 
  purposes 
  of 
  Inca 
  

   administration. 
  The 
  transformation 
  of 
  the 
  ayllu 
  from 
  a 
  kinship 
  

   group 
  to 
  a 
  village 
  group 
  of 
  independent 
  families 
  linked 
  more 
  by 
  

   common 
  residence 
  than 
  by 
  descent 
  already 
  had 
  a 
  good 
  start 
  under 
  the 
  

   Inca. 
  In 
  this 
  case, 
  as 
  in 
  so 
  much 
  else, 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  simply 
  carried 
  

   out 
  Inca 
  policies. 
  (RGI, 
  1881-97, 
  1: 
  198; 
  Toledo, 
  1940, 
  pp. 
  185, 
  

   187). 
  

  

  Administrative 
  officers. 
  — 
  Each 
  territorial 
  unit 
  was 
  ruled 
  by 
  a 
  special 
  

   official. 
  The 
  prefects 
  of 
  the 
  four 
  quarters 
  were 
  called 
  apo, 
  a 
  term 
  

   also 
  used 
  for 
  army 
  commanders. 
  They 
  lived 
  in 
  Cuzco, 
  and 
  formed 
  a 
  

   council 
  of 
  state 
  with 
  a 
  secretary 
  whose 
  duty 
  it 
  was 
  to 
  report 
  their 
  

   deliberations 
  to 
  the 
  Emperor 
  and 
  convey 
  his 
  wishes 
  to 
  the 
  council. 
  

   The 
  councilors 
  were 
  chosen 
  from 
  the 
  highest 
  nobility, 
  and 
  were 
  usually 
  

   near 
  relatives 
  of 
  the 
  Emperor. 
  Their 
  posts 
  were 
  not 
  hereditary. 
  

   Each 
  province 
  was 
  under 
  an 
  imperial 
  governor 
  (t'oqrikoq), 
  usually 
  

   an 
  Inca 
  noble, 
  who 
  had 
  wide 
  judicial 
  powers 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  administrative 
  

   responsibility. 
  The 
  officials 
  under 
  him 
  were 
  curacas, 
  classified 
  ac- 
  

   cording 
  to 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  taxpayers 
  for 
  whom 
  they 
  were 
  responsible: 
  

   Hono 
  koraka, 
  Chief 
  of 
  10,000; 
  Picqa-waranqa 
  koraka, 
  Chief 
  of 
  

   5,000; 
  Waranqa, 
  Chief 
  of 
  1,000; 
  Picqa-pacaka 
  koraka, 
  Chief 
  of 
  

   500; 
  and 
  Pacaka 
  koraka, 
  Chief 
  of 
  100. 
  These 
  offices 
  were 
  heredi- 
  

   tary, 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  Emperor's 
  approval. 
  Below 
  them 
  were 
  two 
  ranks 
  

   of 
  foremen: 
  Picqa-conka 
  kamayoq 
  and 
  Conka 
  kamayoq, 
  responsible 
  

   for 
  50 
  and 
  10 
  taxpayers 
  respectively. 
  These 
  foremen 
  were 
  appointed 
  

   by 
  their 
  curacas, 
  and 
  the 
  offices 
  were 
  not 
  hereditary. 
  (Cobo, 
  1890- 
  

   95, 
  bk. 
  12, 
  ch. 
  25;Acosta, 
  1940, 
  bk. 
  6, 
  ch. 
  13; 
  RGI, 
  1881-97, 
  1:98-100; 
  

   Falc6n, 
  1918, 
  pp. 
  146-7; 
  Sefiores, 
  1904, 
  pp. 
  200-202; 
  Castro, 
  1936, 
  

   p. 
  237; 
  Santillan, 
  1879, 
  pp. 
  17-18; 
  Cieza, 
  1880, 
  bks. 
  2, 
  chs. 
  20, 
  23; 
  Sar- 
  

   miento, 
  1906, 
  ch. 
  50, 
  etc.) 
  

  

  These 
  decimally 
  organized 
  ranks 
  provided 
  a 
  scale 
  against 
  which 
  to 
  

   measure 
  the 
  relative 
  importance 
  of 
  the 
  curacas, 
  irrespective 
  of 
  whether 
  

  

  