﻿268 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  sonal 
  service 
  for 
  the 
  nobles 
  (usually 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  one 
  servant 
  for 
  

   every 
  10 
  men 
  ruled), 
  and 
  labor 
  for 
  the 
  mines 
  and 
  public 
  works. 
  

   Thirty 
  thousand 
  men 
  at 
  a 
  time 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  worked 
  in 
  the 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  of 
  the 
  Sacsahuaman 
  fortress, 
  which 
  was 
  probably 
  the 
  

   greatest 
  single 
  construction 
  job 
  undertaken 
  by 
  the 
  Inca. 
  The 
  Gov- 
  

   ernment's 
  metal 
  needs 
  were 
  not 
  very 
  great, 
  and 
  mine 
  labor 
  was 
  lim- 
  

   ited 
  to 
  short 
  terms; 
  some 
  accounts 
  say 
  1 
  month. 
  There 
  was 
  sufficient 
  

   labor 
  available 
  to 
  permit 
  frequent 
  relief. 
  Certain 
  provinces 
  with 
  

   special 
  labor 
  obligations 
  were 
  exempt 
  from 
  the 
  general 
  mit'a: 
  The 
  

   Eucana 
  were 
  trained 
  Utter-bearers; 
  the 
  Chumpivilca 
  furnished 
  dancers 
  

   for 
  the 
  court; 
  and 
  the 
  Chicha 
  manufactured 
  specially 
  carved 
  firewood 
  

   logs 
  of 
  resinous 
  wood 
  and 
  brought 
  them 
  to 
  Cuzco 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  for 
  

   sacrifices. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  tributes 
  to 
  the 
  efficiency 
  of 
  the 
  system 
  

   is 
  that 
  the 
  Emperors 
  had 
  to 
  make 
  unnecessary 
  work 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  keep 
  

   the 
  mit'a 
  levies 
  busy. 
  Huayna 
  Capac 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  ordered 
  a 
  hill 
  

   moved 
  from 
  one 
  place 
  to 
  another 
  merely 
  for 
  want 
  of 
  a 
  more 
  useful 
  

   project. 
  Whether 
  the 
  story 
  is 
  true 
  or 
  not, 
  the 
  Indians 
  who 
  remem- 
  

   bered 
  Inca 
  times 
  evidently 
  regarded 
  it 
  as 
  perfectly 
  plausible 
  (Cieza, 
  

   1880, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  ch. 
  64; 
  Morua, 
  1922-25, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  ch. 
  18). 
  The 
  Emperors 
  

   knew 
  that 
  people 
  with 
  excess 
  leisure 
  had 
  too 
  much 
  time 
  to 
  criticize 
  

   the 
  Government, 
  and 
  they 
  had 
  trouble 
  enough 
  with 
  revolts 
  even 
  

   when 
  the 
  people 
  were 
  busy 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  12, 
  chs. 
  33-35; 
  

   Garcilaso, 
  1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  5, 
  chs. 
  11, 
  16). 
  

  

  Tax-exempt 
  classes.- 
  — 
  The 
  mit'a 
  provided 
  the 
  necessary 
  labor 
  for 
  

   most 
  Government 
  jobs 
  not 
  filled 
  by 
  the 
  nobility, 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  jobs 
  re- 
  

   quiring 
  special 
  training 
  and 
  continuity 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  filled 
  from 
  

   the 
  mit'a: 
  accounting, 
  metalworking, 
  tapestry 
  production, 
  and 
  other 
  

   luxury 
  handicrafts. 
  Such 
  positions 
  were 
  filled 
  by 
  a 
  class 
  of 
  hered- 
  

   itary 
  Government 
  servants 
  who 
  were 
  exempt 
  from 
  ordinary 
  tribute 
  

   and 
  supported 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  Government 
  storehouses. 
  Government 
  

   officials 
  picked 
  boys 
  who 
  showed 
  special 
  ability 
  from 
  among 
  the 
  sons 
  

   of 
  tribute 
  payers, 
  and 
  the 
  work 
  was 
  honorable 
  and 
  not 
  excessively 
  

   burdensome. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  Government 
  servants 
  were 
  called 
  yana- 
  

   kona 
  ("servants"), 
  and 
  in 
  Colonial 
  times 
  the 
  name 
  was 
  employed 
  

   for 
  all 
  Indians 
  who 
  were 
  not 
  taxpayers 
  (see 
  p. 
  377). 
  The 
  original 
  

   yana-kona 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  created 
  by 
  Topa 
  Inca 
  to 
  punish 
  

   the 
  natives 
  of 
  a 
  rebellious 
  province 
  (Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  ch. 
  51). 
  The 
  

   chroniclers' 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  words 
  seems 
  to 
  imply 
  that 
  the 
  yana-kona 
  

   proper 
  performed 
  only 
  the 
  less-skilled 
  jobs, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  craftsmen 
  

   were 
  known 
  by 
  their 
  professional 
  titles: 
  accountant 
  (khipo-kamayoq) 
  ; 
  

   silversmith 
  (qolqi-kamayoq) 
  ; 
  tapestry 
  weaver 
  (qompi-kamayoq) 
  ; 
  

   etc. 
  The 
  craftsmen 
  manufactured 
  only 
  for 
  the 
  Emperor, 
  who 
  dis- 
  

   tributed 
  the 
  surplus 
  as 
  gifts 
  to 
  the 
  nobility. 
  All 
  taxpayers 
  made 
  

   their 
  own 
  clothing 
  and 
  tools 
  at 
  home 
  with 
  locally 
  gathered 
  materials 
  

   or 
  wool 
  distributed 
  by 
  the 
  Government. 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  

  

  