﻿286 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  ceremony 
  or 
  its 
  equivalent 
  was 
  of 
  minor 
  importance, 
  and 
  indicated 
  

   only 
  that 
  the 
  boy 
  was 
  ready 
  for 
  marriage, 
  though 
  he 
  did 
  not 
  reach 
  full 
  

   social 
  adulthood 
  until 
  he 
  was 
  married 
  and 
  became 
  a 
  taxpayer. 
  

  

  Death 
  and 
  burial.- 
  — 
  At 
  death, 
  the 
  relatives 
  dressed 
  immediately 
  in 
  

   black, 
  and 
  remained 
  in 
  mourning 
  for 
  some 
  time, 
  a 
  full 
  year 
  among 
  the 
  

   nobles. 
  Women 
  cut 
  their 
  hair 
  and 
  wore 
  their 
  cloaks 
  over 
  their 
  heads. 
  

   The 
  family 
  served 
  food 
  and 
  drink 
  to 
  everyone 
  who 
  attended 
  the 
  

   funeral. 
  First, 
  the 
  mourners 
  did 
  a 
  slow 
  dance 
  accompanied 
  by 
  drums 
  

   and 
  dirges, 
  then 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  property 
  left 
  by 
  the 
  dead 
  man 
  was 
  burned, 
  

   and 
  the 
  body 
  was 
  wrapped 
  and 
  buried 
  with 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  his 
  personal 
  

   belongings. 
  No 
  fires 
  were 
  lighted 
  in 
  the 
  house 
  during 
  the 
  funeral. 
  

   The 
  funeral 
  rites 
  for 
  nobles 
  were 
  similar 
  but 
  more 
  elaborate 
  and 
  

   lasted 
  longer. 
  Processions 
  were 
  made 
  to 
  places 
  that 
  the 
  dead 
  man 
  had 
  

   frequented 
  in 
  life, 
  and 
  his 
  virtues 
  and 
  achievements 
  were 
  celebrated 
  in 
  

   songs. 
  Some 
  of 
  his 
  wives 
  and 
  servants 
  might 
  be 
  killed 
  and 
  buried 
  

   with 
  him. 
  The 
  funeral 
  rites 
  lasted 
  for 
  8 
  days 
  (see 
  pp. 
  259-260). 
  At 
  

   intervals 
  after 
  the 
  burial, 
  the 
  family 
  visited 
  the 
  tomb 
  and 
  made 
  fresh 
  

   offerings 
  of 
  food, 
  drink, 
  and 
  clothing 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  19). 
  

  

  When 
  a 
  man's 
  principal 
  wife 
  died, 
  he 
  might 
  not 
  remarry 
  for 
  a 
  year, 
  

   and 
  wore 
  a 
  black 
  cloak. 
  Poor 
  men 
  often 
  did 
  not 
  remarry 
  for 
  2 
  years, 
  

   and 
  suffered 
  severely 
  meanwhile 
  from 
  the 
  lack 
  of 
  household 
  assistance, 
  

   and 
  because 
  they 
  were 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  undergoing 
  divine 
  punishment 
  

   for 
  some 
  secret 
  sin. 
  The 
  principal 
  wife 
  had 
  a 
  more 
  elaborate 
  funeral 
  

   than 
  the 
  secondary 
  ones 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  7). 
  

  

  No 
  tombs 
  of 
  Inca 
  nobles 
  of 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  region 
  have 
  ever 
  been 
  

   described, 
  probably 
  because 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  were 
  looted 
  long 
  ago. 
  

   Ordinary 
  tombs 
  are 
  numerous 
  and 
  of 
  several 
  different 
  types. 
  In 
  

   large 
  rock 
  shelters 
  protected 
  against 
  the 
  rain, 
  the 
  Inca 
  built 
  small 
  

   beehive 
  tombs 
  of 
  field 
  stones 
  laid 
  in 
  clay, 
  with 
  rough 
  corbel 
  vaulted 
  

   roofs. 
  These 
  are 
  square 
  or 
  round, 
  free 
  standing 
  or 
  built 
  against 
  the 
  

   cliff, 
  and 
  vary 
  in 
  size 
  and 
  degree 
  of 
  finish, 
  the 
  finest 
  being 
  carefully 
  

   plastered 
  with 
  fine 
  mud. 
  Each 
  tomb 
  has 
  a 
  small 
  door, 
  blocked 
  with 
  

   stones 
  and 
  clay 
  at 
  the 
  funeral. 
  Inside, 
  the 
  body 
  was 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  sitting 
  

   position 
  (fig. 
  29, 
  d) 
  with 
  the 
  knees 
  drawn 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  chest, 
  wrapped 
  in 
  

   cloth 
  and 
  mats 
  or 
  sewed 
  into 
  a 
  skin. 
  Such 
  burials 
  are 
  usually 
  accom- 
  

   panied 
  by 
  food, 
  pottery, 
  baskets, 
  simple 
  jewelry, 
  and 
  bone 
  and 
  metal 
  

   tools. 
  The 
  dry 
  air 
  under 
  the 
  rock 
  shelters 
  preserves 
  perishable 
  objects 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  dry 
  sands 
  of 
  the 
  Coastal 
  deserts. 
  The 
  presence 
  of 
  

   several 
  bodies 
  in 
  one 
  tomb, 
  without 
  the 
  rich 
  offerings 
  which 
  would 
  

   accompany 
  a 
  noble 
  and 
  his 
  train, 
  suggests 
  that 
  some 
  tombs 
  may 
  have 
  

   been 
  family 
  burial 
  places. 
  Such 
  tombs 
  are 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  

   Cuzco 
  Valley, 
  and 
  along 
  the 
  Urubamba 
  River 
  from 
  above 
  Quiquijana 
  

   down 
  to 
  Ollantaytambo. 
  

  

  At 
  Machu 
  Picchu, 
  where 
  the 
  rainfall 
  is 
  heavy 
  and 
  caves 
  are 
  sel- 
  

   dom 
  dry, 
  the 
  dead 
  were 
  buried 
  with 
  their 
  possessions 
  under 
  over- 
  

  

  