﻿288 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  In 
  contrast 
  to 
  Old 
  World 
  or 
  Central 
  American 
  art, 
  the 
  Inca 
  charac- 
  

   teristically 
  lacked 
  interest 
  in 
  decorative 
  stone 
  sculpture 
  and 
  relief 
  

   modeling. 
  This 
  does 
  not 
  reflect 
  lack 
  of 
  technical 
  ability 
  or 
  artistic 
  

   feeling, 
  for 
  the 
  Inca 
  decorated 
  a 
  few 
  stone 
  bowls 
  with 
  animal 
  and 
  fish 
  

   figures 
  which 
  will 
  bear 
  comparison 
  with 
  any 
  Aztec 
  work. 
  Rather, 
  

   the 
  Inca 
  had 
  a 
  functionalist's 
  love 
  of 
  simple 
  structural 
  surfaces 
  and 
  

   solid 
  blocks 
  of 
  stoDe, 
  with 
  surfaces 
  uncluttered 
  by 
  carving. 
  Wall 
  

   paintings 
  and 
  decorative 
  hangings 
  prevented 
  monotony 
  and 
  added 
  

   a 
  touch 
  of 
  color 
  without 
  destroying 
  the 
  structural 
  lines 
  of 
  the 
  wall. 
  

  

  Inca 
  objects 
  are 
  solid 
  and 
  practical; 
  beauty 
  was 
  never 
  at 
  the 
  ex- 
  

   pense 
  of 
  utility. 
  Stone 
  bowl 
  and 
  silver 
  pin, 
  wooden 
  cup 
  and 
  masonry 
  

   house 
  all 
  give 
  an 
  impression 
  of 
  simple 
  strength 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  very 
  

   appealing 
  to 
  the 
  modern 
  inquirer. 
  

  

  Games 
  and 
  sports. 
  — 
  Inca 
  children 
  were 
  so 
  busy 
  helping 
  their 
  par- 
  

   ents 
  in 
  the 
  daily 
  tasks 
  of 
  farming, 
  herding, 
  and 
  keeping 
  house 
  that 
  

   they 
  had 
  time 
  for 
  few 
  elaborate 
  games. 
  They 
  made 
  a 
  top 
  (pisqoynyo) 
  

   which 
  was 
  spun 
  by 
  whipping 
  (fig. 
  29, 
  c), 
  played 
  with 
  balls 
  (papa 
  

   awki, 
  "potato 
  chief"), 
  and 
  played 
  a 
  kind 
  of 
  pig-pile 
  (*taucca-taucca, 
  

   "one 
  pile 
  after 
  another") 
  (Gonzalez, 
  1608; 
  Poma, 
  1936, 
  p. 
  208). 
  The 
  

   abundance 
  of 
  round 
  pottery 
  counters 
  of 
  grounded 
  potsherds 
  in 
  all 
  

   archeological 
  periods 
  at 
  Cuzco 
  suggests 
  that 
  some 
  game 
  such 
  as 
  flipping 
  

   counters 
  at 
  a 
  hole 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  played 
  also. 
  (See 
  

   Morua, 
  1922-25, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  13.) 
  Puma 
  (poma, 
  "mountain 
  lion") 
  is 
  the 
  

   name 
  of 
  a 
  game, 
  but 
  we 
  are 
  not 
  told 
  how 
  it 
  was 
  played 
  (Gonzalez, 
  

   1608). 
  

  

  Contests 
  of 
  skill 
  formed 
  an 
  important 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  boys' 
  maturity 
  

   rite 
  (waracikoy), 
  when 
  the 
  candidate's 
  fitness 
  for 
  war 
  was 
  being 
  

   tested. 
  Foot 
  races, 
  bolas-throwing 
  contests, 
  and 
  mock 
  battles 
  are 
  

   mentioned 
  as 
  parts 
  of 
  this 
  rite 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  13, 
  chs. 
  25, 
  26; 
  

   bk. 
  12, 
  ch. 
  15). 
  

  

  Adults 
  played 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  games 
  scored 
  with 
  a 
  die 
  marked 
  with 
  one 
  

   to 
  five 
  points, 
  and 
  hence 
  called 
  picqana 
  ("instrument 
  for 
  playing 
  the 
  

   game 
  of 
  fives," 
  from 
  picqa, 
  modern 
  pisqa," 
  five"). 
  Pottery 
  exam- 
  

   ples 
  were 
  found 
  at 
  Machu 
  Picchu, 
  and 
  are 
  illustrated 
  by 
  Bingham 
  

   (1915 
  b, 
  p. 
  176; 
  1930, 
  fig. 
  172, 
  b-h) 
  and 
  Gonzalez 
  says 
  that 
  dice 
  were 
  

   also 
  made 
  of 
  wood. 
  (Cf. 
  Gonzalez, 
  1608, 
  under 
  *pichcana; 
  Cobo, 
  

   1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  17; 
  Morua, 
  1922-25, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  ch. 
  25.) 
  The 
  simplest 
  

   game 
  played 
  with 
  these 
  dice 
  (picqa, 
  "fives") 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  consisted 
  

   in 
  trying 
  to 
  throw 
  certain 
  combinations 
  of 
  points 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  

   12, 
  ch. 
  15). 
  Another 
  game 
  called 
  conkana 
  was 
  played 
  with 
  beans 
  of 
  

   different 
  colors, 
  and 
  a 
  board 
  or 
  stone 
  marked 
  into 
  five 
  divisions, 
  count- 
  

   ing, 
  respectively, 
  10, 
  20, 
  30, 
  40, 
  and 
  50. 
  The 
  beans 
  were 
  moved 
  

   according 
  to 
  the 
  points 
  scored 
  by 
  throwing 
  the 
  die. 
  Beans 
  were 
  also 
  

   used 
  for 
  keeping 
  score 
  in 
  other 
  games 
  called 
  *tacanaco 
  and 
  *apaytalla 
  

   (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  17; 
  Mortia, 
  1922-25, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  ch. 
  13). 
  Morua 
  

  

  